Table. Molecular characterization of 47 fluconazole-resistant isolates and 20 fluconazole-susceptible isolates of Candida parapsilosis, South Korea*.
| Microsatellite
genotypes† |
Hospital |
No. isolates |
MICs, mg/L‡ |
|
Amino acid substitutions§ | Isolation year (no. patients) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLC |
VRC |
Erg11p |
Mrr1p |
Tac1p |
Upc2p |
|||||
| Fluconazole-resistant with Y132F in Erg11p, n = 30 isolates | ||||||||||
| M1 | A | 8 | 8–32 | 0.25–0.5 | Y132F | K177N | 2006 (1), 2009 (1), 2010 (2), 2011 (2), 2012 (1), 2013 (1) | |||
| B | 3 | 16–32 | 0.5 | Y132F | K177N | 2012 (2), 2013 (1) | ||||
| M2 | A | 10 | 8–32 | 0.125–0.5 | Y132F | K177N | 2012 (1), 2016 (9) | |||
| M3 | A | 3 | 8–16 | 0.25 | Y132F | K177N, Q1053* | 2007 (1), 2011 (1), 2012 (1) | |||
| M4 | A | 2 | 8–>64 | 0.5–4 | Y132F | K177N | 2013 (1), 2016 (1) | |||
| M5 | A | 1 | 32 | 0.25 | Y132F | K177N | 2012 (1) | |||
| M6 | A | 1 | 8 | 0.5 | Y132F | K177N | 2013 (1) | |||
| M7 | A | 1 | 8 | 0.25 | Y132F | K177N | 2016 (1) | |||
| M8 |
C |
1 |
64 |
2 |
|
Y132F |
|
|
|
2016 (1) |
| Other fluconazole-resistant, n = 17 isolates | ||||||||||
| M9 | D | 2 | >64 | 1 | G583R | 2007 (1), 2009 (1) | ||||
| M10 | E | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | R398I | L877P | 2005 (1) | |||
| M11 | A | 1 | 8 | 0.25 | 2006 (1) | |||||
| M12 | E | 1 | 8 | 0.25 | R398I | L877P | 2011 (1) | |||
| M13 | F | 1 | 16 | 0.06 | R398I | L877P | 2011 (1) | |||
| M14 | E | 1 | 8 | 0.125 | R398I | L877P | 2012 (1) | |||
| M15 | G | 1 | 8 | 0.125 | R398I | L877P | 2012 (1) | |||
| M16 | G | 1 | 8 | 0.06 | R398I | L877P | 2012 (1) | |||
| M17 | E | 1 | 8 | 0.125 | N900D | 2012 (1) | ||||
| M18 | C | 1 | 8 | 0.125 | R398I | P250S | L877P | 2012 (1) | ||
| M19 | C | 1 | 8 | 0.25 | R398I | S1081P | L877P | 2012 (1) | ||
| M20 | D | 1 | 8 | 0.125 | R398I | D394N | 2012 (1) | |||
| M21 | E | 1 | 32 | 0.5 | R398I | P295R | L877P | 2015 (1) | ||
| M22 | E | 1 | 16 | 0.125 | R398I | 2015 (1) | ||||
| M23 | H | 1 | 32 | 0.125 | K128N | W872C | 2015 (1) | |||
| M24 |
E |
1 |
16 |
0.25 |
|
|
G927D |
|
|
2016 (1) |
| Fluconazole-susceptible controls | ||||||||||
| M3 | A | 1 | 1 | 0.03 | K177N, Q1053* | 2010 (1) | ||||
| M25 | C | 2 | 0.5 | 0.03 | R398I | 2012 (2) | ||||
| M26 | F | 2 | 0.5 | 0.03–0.06 | R208G | 2012 (1), 2013 (1) | ||||
| M27 | A | 1 | 2 | 0.06 | 2010 (1) | |||||
| M28 | A | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | K177N, Q1053* | 2011 (1) | ||||
| M29 | A | 1 | 1 | 0.06 | L877P | 2011 (1) | ||||
| M30 | A | 1 | 1 | 0.03 | R208G | 2012 (1) | ||||
| M31 | A | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | R208G | 2012 (1) | ||||
| M32 | E | 1 | 2 | 0.03 | 2012 (1) | |||||
| M33 | G | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | R208G | 2012 (1) | ||||
| M34 | G | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 2012 (1) | |||||
| M35 | A | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | R208G | 2013 (1) | ||||
| M36 | A | 1 | 1 | 0.06 | R398I | D394N | 2013 (1) | |||
| M37 | A | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | R398I | 2013 (1) | ||||
| M38 | D | 1 | 0.5 | 0.06 | R398I | 2014 (1) | ||||
| M39 | D | 1 | 0.5 | 0.06 | R208G | 2014 (1) | ||||
| M40 | E | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | R208G | 2015 (1) | ||||
| M41 | A | 1 | 1 | 0.03 | R398I | L877P | 2015 (1) | |||
*CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; FLC, fluconazole; VRC, voriconazole. †For microsatellite typing, each strain was characterized by a genotype resulting from combination of the sizes of the 4 markers (CP1, CP4, CP6, and B). See the Technical Appendix Figure for results of microsatellite genotyping presented as an UPGMA tree. ‡Antifungal MICs were determined by the CLSI M27–A3 broth microdilution method (7). The fluconazole MICs of 30 Y132F isolates determined by Etest were ≥8 mg/L. All 67 isolates tested were susceptible to amphotericin B (MIC 0.25–1 mg/L) and micafungin (MIC 0.25–2 mg/L) according to the CLSI method. §All were homozygote alleles except for 6 heterozygote alleles (Q1053,* G583R, P250S, P295R, W872C, and G927D) in Mrr1p.