Table 4.

Association between frequency of different non-nutritive sucking habits and primary dental relationships in sagittal dimension (n = 851)

	Incisor relationship					Canine relationship					Molar relationship					Overjet
	p-value	Class II incisor vs Class I incisor		Class III incisor vs Class I incisor		p-value	Class II canine vs Class I canine		Class III canine vs Class I canine		p-value	Bilateral Flush vs Bilateral Mesial step		Bilateral Mesial step vs Bilateral Distal step		p-value	Overjet > 3.5 mm vs non overjet > 3.5 mm
		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
Frequency of pacifier use	0.490					0.108					0.168					0.495
Daily		1.292	0.837–1.996	0.981	0.543–1.773		1.656	1.016–2.699	1.204	0.515–2.813		1.508	0.860–2.647	1.688	0.926–3.077		1.191	0.720–1.970
Non-daily		1	–	1	–		1	–	1	–		1	–	1	–		1	–
Frequency of thumb/digit sucking	0.008*					0.036*					0.622					0.000*
Daily		2.237	1.290–3.877	0.765	0.287–2.044		2.595	1.117–6.025	1.806	0.215–5.478		1.182	0.536–2.607	1.494	0.671–3.325		2.879	1.624–5.101
Non-daily		1	–	1	–		1	–	1	–		1	–	1	–		1	–

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval

^a Adjusted for background information (age and gender) and duration of pure breastfeeding

* p < 0.05

Boldface data are variables with p < 0.05 or OR (95%CI) < 1