Table 4.

Genes differentially transcribed in bees with or without Nosema fed rich diets versus carbohydrates

Treatment	Comparison	↑ Genes	↑Drosophila orthologs	↓ Genes	↓ Drosophila orthologues	Total A. mellifera genes
Pollen/Nosema Pollen/no-Nosema	PN vs. CN	52	40	1489	906	1541
	P vs. C	50	42	577	306	627
MegaBee/Nosema MegaBee/no-Nosema	MN vs. CN	91	49	231	134	322
	M vs. C	208	113	89	48	297
Bee-Pro/Nosema Bee-Pro/no-Nosema	BN vs. CN	18	13	219	92	237
	B vs. C	148	90	135	80	283

Numbers of genes regulated by rich diet feeding. Differential expression in healthy bees fed pollen (P), Bee-Pro (B) or MegaBee (M) is assessed against carbohydrates only diet (C). Respectively, the same diet treatments in Nosema-infected bees are referred to as PN, BN and MN, which differential expression is considered against carbohydrates/Nosema (CN). The up and down arrows denote genes that are up- or downregulated through RNA-seq analysis; the numbers of known Drosophila orthologs are also described