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. 2018 Aug 22;15:234. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1264-8

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Blood and brain ammonia concentrations. a Blood ammonia concentrations in the LPS/D-GalN, D-GalN control, and LPS control groups. b Brain ammonia concentrations in the LPS/D-GalN, D-GalN control, and LPS control groups. c Blood ammonia concentrations in the TNF-α/D-GalN and TNF-α control groups. d Brain ammonia concentrations in the TNF-α/D-GalN and TNF-α control groups. e Blood ammonia concentrations in the anti-TNF-α–IgG + LPS/D-GalN and other control groups at 12 h. f Brain ammonia concentrations in the anti-TNF-α–IgG + LPS/D-GalN and other control groups at 12 h. Data represent means ± SEM (n = 5 per group). *P < 0.01 vs. N.S. group, #P < 0.01 vs. D-GalN+LPS 12 h group. N.S. normal saline, D-GalN d-galactosamine hydrochloride, LPS lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha