Figure 3.

Effects of broccoli sprout extract on MCP-1 (a), ICAM-1 (b), and eNOS mRNA levels (c) in TNF-α-exposed HUVECs. HUVECs were treated with or without 10 ng/ml TNF-α in the presence or absence of 1% of glucoraphanin-rich broccoli sprout extract for 4 hours. Then total RNAs were transcribed and amplified by real-time PCR. Data were normalized by the intensity of 18S rRNA-derived signals and then related to the values with vehicle. N = 3 per group. ##, p<0.01 compared to the values with TNF-α alone. ∗∗, p < 0.01 compared to the control values with vehicle.