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. 2018 Aug 1;7:46. doi: 10.1038/s41377-018-0046-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a At 50 Hz, the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum with RMS voltage varying from 15.4 to 20.4 V, which correspond to luminances of 15–210 cd/m². Hot carrier injection is the only current contribution. b At 60,000 Hz, the EL spectrum with RMS voltage varying from 17.9 to 22.0 V, which correspond to luminances of 40–240 cd/m². c Time-resolved current at 50 Hz. Hot carrier injection is the only current contribution. d Time-resolved current at 60,000 Hz with various voltages (17.9–22.0 V). Secondary carriers (J_dc) and hot injection carriers (J_sine) have mutual contributions to the EL spectrum and current density characteristics. e J_rms–V_rms and L–V_rms characteristics of AC-OEL devices at 50 and 60,000 Hz, respectively. f Luminance as a function of current density at 50 and 60 kHz