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. 2018 Aug 14;9:1108. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01108

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Copyright © 2018 Sutanto, van Sloun, Schönleitner, van Zandvoort, Antoons and Heijman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of RyR2 distribution heterogeneity on spontaneous Ca²⁺-release events (SCaEs) in the 100-segment model. (A) Representative examples comparing heterogeneity (σ) of 0.0 (uniform expression, top), 0.2 (middle), and experimentally observed RyR2 expression patterns (bottom) on membrane potential (V_M), whole-cell Ca²⁺-transient, and longitudinal line scan (right panels). The 100 × 18 matrices (left) of relative RyR2 expression incorporate the experimentally observed 2 μm inter-band distance. (B–D) SCaE incidence (B), size (C), as well as longitudinal and transversal velocity of Ca²⁺ waves (D) in 100-segment simulations with σ = 0.0, σ = 0.2, and experimentally observed RyR2 expression. Incorporation of the experimentally observed RyR2 expression in the original 100-segment model results in a large (non-physiological) number of small SCaEs. *indicates P < 0.05 between indicated groups; n = 6 per condition.