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. 2018 Jan 12;7:17121. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2017.121

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Copyright © 2018 The Author(s)

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Same as Figure 8, except depicting the slithering rather than the helix mode, bovine sperms represented in the local coordinate system. Unlike the helix mode shown in Figure 8, the slithering mode sperm is close to the chamber surface and the sperm head does not spin during the motion. It is apparent from both the time and frequency domain plots that the flagellar beating is confined within the x′– plane, and there is no apparent peak in the local y′ for the slithering mode sperm. Similar to the helix mode, a double frequency is also observed along the spin axis in addition to an increase in waveform amplitude along the sperm flagellum. The 3D motion of the sperm head and flagellum for the slithering mode is shown in Supplementary Movie M2.

Inline graphic — Same as Figure 8, except depicting the slithering rather than the helix mode, bovine sperms represented in the local coordinate system. Unlike the helix mode shown in Figure 8, the slithering mode sperm is close to the chamber surface and the sperm head does not spin during the motion. It is apparent from both the time and frequency domain plots that the flagellar beating is confined within the x′– plane, and there is no apparent peak in the local y′ for the slithering mode sperm. Similar to the helix mode, a double frequency is also observed along the spin axis in addition to an increase in waveform amplitude along the sperm flagellum. The 3D motion of the sperm head and flagellum for the slithering mode is shown in Supplementary Movie M2.