Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 23.
Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2017 Jun 23;79:368–384. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.040

Table 3.

Family poverty-related gaps in school readiness at kindergarten entry, in 1998 and 2010.

All neighborhoods Low-poverty (0–13.9%) Moderate-low poverty (14–19.9%) Moderate-high poverty (20–39.9%) High poverty (40%+)
1998 2010 1998 2010 1998 2010 1998 2010 1998 2010
Gap in score by standard deviation
Reading 0.55 0.57 0.52 0.58 + 0.34 0.41 0.31 0.40 0.23 0.34
Math 0.60 0.64 0.56 0.65 0.38 0.42 0.34 0.41 0.13 0.33*
Externalizing −0.19 −0.21 −0.16 −0.16 −0.16 −0.30+ −0.01 −0.10* −0.02 −0.22
Self-control 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.27 0.36 0.19 0.29 0.12 0.26
Approaches to learning −0.27 −0.23 −0.20 −0.21 −0.31 −0.27 −0.29 −0.25 −0.39 −0.20

Note. Differences presented represented weighted raw mean standardized differences. Standard deviation units are derived within each panel. N = 19,200 (1998 panel), N = 15,700 (2010 panel). Estimates derived from 20 multiply imputed datasets.

+

p < 0.10.

*

p < 0.05.