Table 3.

Family poverty-related gaps in school readiness at kindergarten entry, in 1998 and 2010.

	All neighborhoods		Low-poverty (0–13.9%)		Moderate-low poverty (14–19.9%)		Moderate-high poverty (20–39.9%)		High poverty (40%+)
	1998	2010	1998	2010	1998	2010	1998	2010	1998	2010
	Gap in score by standard deviation
Reading	0.55	0.57	0.52	0.58 +	0.34	0.41	0.31	0.40	0.23	0.34
Math	0.60	0.64	0.56	0.65	0.38	0.42	0.34	0.41	0.13	0.33*
Externalizing	−0.19	−0.21	−0.16	−0.16	−0.16	−0.30+	−0.01	−0.10*	−0.02	−0.22
Self-control	0.35	0.34	0.34	0.34	0.27	0.36	0.19	0.29	0.12	0.26
Approaches to learning	−0.27	−0.23	−0.20	−0.21	−0.31	−0.27	−0.29	−0.25	−0.39	−0.20

Note. Differences presented represented weighted raw mean standardized differences. Standard deviation units are derived within each panel. N = 19,200 (1998 panel), N = 15,700 (2010 panel). Estimates derived from 20 multiply imputed datasets.

⁺p < 0.10.

^*p < 0.05.