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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 23.
Published in final edited form as: Child Youth Serv Rev. 2017 Jun 23;79:368–384. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.040

Appendix Table 2.

Standardized school readiness outcomes by neighborhood poverty and alternative specification of family poverty, in 1998 and 2010.

All neighborhoods Low poverty neighborhood (0–13.9%) Moderate-low poverty neighborhood (14–19.9%) Moderate-high poverty neighborhood (20–39.9%) High poverty neighborhood (40%+)
1998 2010 1998 2010 1998 2010 1998 2010 1998 2010
Reading
 ≤100% FPL −0.490 −0.382 −0.374 −0.299 −0.529 −0.337 −0.558 −0.425 −0.597 −0.537
 100–200% FPL −0.262 −0.098 −0.188 −0.018 −0.372 −0.138 −0.351 −0.194 −0.371 −0.235
 200% plus 0.206 0.318 0.263 0.375 −0.030 0.206 −0.088 0.146 −0.170 −0.133
Math
 ≤100% FPL −0.481 −0.441 −0.326 −0.332 −0.510 −0.349 −0.577 −0.514 −0.649 −0.640
 100–200% FPL −0.214 −0.131 −0.117 −0.022 −0.313 −0.133 −0.354 −0.288 −0.479 −0.379
 200% plus 0.279 0.346 0.345 0.424 0.015 0.203 −0.053 0.089 −0.370 −0.192
Externalizing
 ≤100% FPL 0.177 0.180 0.079 0.094 0.204 0.259 0.204 0.217 0.414 0.162
 100–200% FPL 0.094 0.075 0.006 0.030 0.191 0.045 0.209 0.208 0.378 −0.146
 200% plus −0.049 −0.081 −0.075 −0.099 0.057 −0.088 0.080 0.023 0.051 0.081
Self-control
 ≤100% FPL −0.218 −0.199 −0.105 −0.119 −0.196 −0.248 −0.287 −0.227 −0.442 −0.246
 100–200% FPL −0.066 −0.048 0.034 −0.011 −0.109 −0.023 −0.252 −0.152 −0.381 0.089
 200% plus 0.119 0.123 0.145 0.139 0.032 0.082 −0.034 0.087 −0.172 −0.016
Approaches to learning
 ≤100% FPL −0.089 −0.037 −0.031 −0.019 −0.124 −0.011 −0.186 −0.113 −0.325 0.127
 100–200% FPL 0.159 0.172 0.185 0.175 0.048 0.149 0.039 0.205 0.011 −0.062
 200% plus −0.490 −0.382 −0.374 −0.299 −0.529 −0.337 −0.558 −0.425 −0.597 −0.537

Notes. FPL stands for family poverty line, a threshold calculated by the family’s income relative to the federal poverty threshold in the state in which the child resides.