Table 1a.
Weighted sample distribution and descriptives by family and neighborhood poverty status at kindergarten entry, ECLS-K 1998.
| All children | Low poverty neighborhood (0–13.9%) | Moderate-low poverty neighborhood (14–19.9%) | Moderate-high poverty neighborhood (20–39.9%) | High poverty neighborhood (40% +) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | ≤ 100% FPL | > 100% FPL | All | ≤100% FPL | > 100% FPL | All | ≤100% FPL | > 100% FPL | All | ≤100% FPL | > 100% FPL | ||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| White | 57.0 | 72.2 | 48.9 | 74.9 | 43.7 | 30.3 | 48.1 | 24.0 | 14.6 | 31.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
| Black | 16.0 | 8.4 | 18.4 | 7.3 | 19.7 | 25.2 | 17.7 | 31.2 | 34.9 | 28.2 | 67.8 | 67.8 | 67.8 |
| Hispanic | 19.3 | 12.5 | 23.3 | 11.3 | 28.2 | 35.4 | 25.5 | 34.7 | 39.7 | 30.7 | 24.2 | 24.0 | 24.6 |
| Asian | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 1.5 |
| Other | 4.6 | 3.8 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
| Annual income categorya | 10.7 | 12.4 | 3.6 | 13.3 | 8.8 | 3.6 | 10.8 | 6.9 | 3.5 | 9.6 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 7.8 |
| Percent below poverty | 20.3 | 10.1 | 27.2 | 43.8 | 58.7 | ||||||||
| Mother’s education | |||||||||||||
| < High school | 10.8 | 4.6 | 19.7 | 2.9 | 16.6 | 31.8 | 10.9 | 24.5 | 36.5 | 15.2 | 31.2 | 35.2 | 25.4 |
| High school/vocational degree | 33.4 | 28.2 | 50.0 | 25.9 | 40.9 | 46.5 | 38.8 | 43.2 | 45.0 | 41.9 | 44.2 | 49.3 | 36.9 |
| Some college | 27.0 | 67.1 | 30.7 | 71.2 | 42.5 | 21.7 | 50.3 | 32.3 | 18.5 | 43.0 | 24.6 | 15.5 | 37.7 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 28.8 | 38.7 | 9.0 | 42.0 | 15.3 | 3.5 | 19.7 | 9.1 | 2.3 | 14.4 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 11.2 |
| Family structure | |||||||||||||
| Two biological parents | 60.2 | 69.5 | 34.1 | 73.2 | 50.2 | 29.3 | 57.8 | 39.8 | 27.5 | 48.9 | 20.5 | 17.2 | 25.1 |
| Single mother | 34.2 | 25.4 | 59.0 | 21.9 | 42.7 | 62.7 | 35.4 | 53.9 | 66.8 | 44.3 | 74.8 | 76.9 | 72.0 |
| Other family type | 5.6 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 2.9 |
| Location type | |||||||||||||
| Urban | 37.7 | 28.9 | 30.7 | 28.8 | 41.9 | 41.9 | 42 | 58.6 | 60.9 | 56.4 | 72.5 | 70.1 | 75.5 |
| Suburban | 39.5 | 49.4 | 44.2 | 50 | 26.9 | 26.7 | 26.9 | 19.7 | 17 | 22.1 | 11.2 | 9.4 | 13.8 |
| Town | 10.9 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 10.6 | 14.2 | 13.1 | 14.5 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 11 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Rural | 11.9 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 8.4 | 18.3 | 16.6 | 11.8 | 11.4 | 12.9 | 10.5 | 16.0 | 20.0 | 10.5 |
| Percent of sample | 100.0 | 64.0 | 6.4 | 57.6 | 14.1 | 3.8 | 10.3 | 19.2 | 8.4 | 10.8 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
Note. All income categories are calculated after adjusting family income for inflation to 2010 USD. N = 19,200; estimates derived from 20 multiply imputed datasets.
Annual family income reported in $5000 increments on a scale from 1 to 18 as calculated by NCES in the 2010 panel. 1: > $5001; 2: $5001–$10,000; 3: $10,001–$15,000; 4: $15,001–$20,000; 5: $20,001–$25,000; 6: $25,001–$30,000; 7: $30,001–$35,000; 8: $35,001–$40,000; 9: $40,001–$45,000; 10: $45,001–$50,000; 11: $50,001–$55,000; 12: $55,001–$60,000; 13: $60,001–$65,000; 14: $65,001–$70,000; 15: $70,001–$75,000; 16: $75,001–$100,000; 17: $100,001–$200,000; 18: > $200,000.