Table 2. Characteristics of subjects experiencing an adverse cardiovascular event before age 50 and controls.
| Variable | Cases (n = 2,939) |
Controls (n = 14,660) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Years since blood sampling (SD) | 9.25 (6.15) | 9.03 (6.18) | |
| Age a (years) (SD) | 45.4 (4.22) | 45.0 (4.51) | |
| Female (%) | 18 | 18 | |
| History of smoking (%) | 62 | 25 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes/High glucose levelb (%) | 13 | 3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 35 | 5 | <0.001 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (%) | 0 | 0 | 0.61 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) (SD) | 26.7 (4.82) | 24.2 (3.84) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index ≥30 (kg/m2) (%) | 21 | 6 | <0.001 |
| Manual work (%) | 53 | 40 | <0.001 |
| Non-manual work (%) | 41 | 54 | <0.001 |
| Unclassified (%) | 6 | 5 | 0.5910 |
| Education ≤9 years (%) | 27 | 19 | <0.001 |
| Education 9–12 years (%) | 47 | 45 | 0.0950 |
| Education >12 years (%) | 20 | 34 | <0.001 |
| Education Unclassified (%) | 6 | 2 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) c (SD) | 6.06 (1.36) | 5.30 (1.09) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) (SD) | 1.91 (1.51) | 1.34 (1.04) | <0. 001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) (SD) | 5.29 (2.09) | 4.85 (0.94) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 4.24 (1.29) | 3.47 (1.01) | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 5.06 (1.51) | 4.06 (1.31) | <0. 001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 1.23 (0.41) | 1.43 (0.40) | <0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B (mmol/L) (SD) | 1.49 (0.43) | 1.23 (0.36) | <0. 001 |
| Apolipoprotein A-1 (mmol/L) (SD) | 1.29 (0.22) | 1.37 (0.21) | <0.001 |
| ApoB/ApoA-I ratio (SD) | 1.20 (0.50) | 0.93 (0.31) | <0.001 |
| Fredrickson Classification | |||
| IIa (TC ≥ 5, TG <1.7) (%) | 39 | 41 | 0.10 |
| IIb (TC ≥ 5, TG ≥1.7) (%) | 41 | 19 | <0.001 |
| IV (TC < 5, TG ≥1.7) (%) | 4 | 5 | 0.024 |
| TC < 5, TG <1.7 (%) | 16 | 36 | <0.001 |
TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
a Age at first event or selection as control subject
b Diabetes mellitus or fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L or any glucose ≥11 mmol/L
c Geometric means.
Available data (Cases/Controls); Smoking (1,374/1,485), Diabetes (2,766/14,066); Hypertension (972/6,228); Body mass index (1,169/3758); Apolipoprotein (1,076/4,340)