Table 5. Changes of anthropometric and performance variables, resting metabolic rate, habitual physical activity, and energy intake during the experimental period.
| Baseline | 20 weeks | 40 weeks | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | C | TR | TRD | C | TR | TRD | C | TR | TRD |
| Sedentary PA (min) | 1205.5±88.4 | 1230.3±75.2 | 1203.8±80.1 | 1206.3±108.8 | 1230.7±70.9 | 1190.5±80.1 | 1200.8±232.1 | 1216.6±74.5 | 1202.4±83.1 |
| Light PA (min) | 198.5±78.1 | 179.1±74.9 | 191.8±66.5 | 196.9±102.0 | 175.9±71.3 | 204.6±69.4 | 156.0±101.6 | 186.0±72.2 | 193.6±63.5 |
| Moderate PA (min) | 34.9±13.1 | 29.6±8.8 | 42.4±20.7 | 35.8±12.1 | 31.4±9.1 | 42.7±18.7 | 34.9±12.5 | 35.1±7.8 | 38.5±19.5 |
| Vigorous PA (min) | 1.05±0.8 | 0.98±1.8 | 0.91±1.5 | 0.94±0.7 | 1.29±1.9 | 1.21±1.5 | 1.02±0.8 | 1.51±1.7 | 1.19±1.3 |
| MVPA (min) | 36.0±13.6 | 30.5±9.6 | 43.3±21.2 | 36.8±12.6 | 32.7±9.9 | 43.9±19.2 | 35.9±13.2 | 36.6±8.5 | 39.7±19.8 |
| Steps·day-1 | 6399.7±1851.3 | 6330.7±1279.0 | 6870.0±2030.6 | 6370.4±1827.0 | 6363.9±1384.0 | 6933.7±1998.7 | 6351.0±1900.1 | 6536.8±1319.3 | 6748.5±1939.6 |
| Kcal·day-1 | 182.2±73.6 | 158.9±60.0 | 214.1±88.6 | 182.3±70.6 | 164.9±58.3 | 215.4±84.8 | 183.5±71.3 | 181.4±60.0 | 183.1±67.5 |
| METs·day-1 | 1.40±0.16 | 1.09±0.03 | 1.12±0.05 | 1.41±0.13 | 1.30±0.18 | 1.32±0.14 | 1.42±0.14 | 1.28±0.18 | 1.34±0.16 |
| EI (kcal·day-1) | 1829.9±193.9 | 1840.5±151.8 | 1839.6±230.8 | 1835.4±178.0 | 1807.4±163.3 | 1812.4±231.5 | 1834.1±158.0 | 1782.9±150.2 | 1807.2±201.3 |
| Protein (%) | 16.5±0.05 | 17.4±0.04 | 16.8±0.03 | 17.1±0.03 | 16.6±0.02 | 17.3±0.03 | 17.7±0.03 | 18.3±0.03 | 17.5±0.04 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 58.8±0.05 | 57.5±0.04 | 57.7±0.03 | 56.8±0.03 | 58.7±0.04 | 58.1±0.03 | 57.9±0.03 | 56.0±0.03 | 58.8±0.03 |
| Fat (%) | 24.7±0.04 | 25.0±0.03 | 25.5±0.04 | 26.1±0.03 | 24.7±0.04 | 24.6±0.03 | 24.4±0.03 | 25.7±0.03 | 23.7±0.04 |
| RMR (kcal·day-1) | 1501.1±162.8 | 1451.6±145.4 | 1504.1±220.3 | 1507.6±150.9 | 1536.4±158.1a | 1637.9±163.6a | 1523.7±141.8 | 1597.9±160.9b,c | 1524.9±170.7b |
| Body mass (kg) | 80.2±8.9 | 78.0±9.9 | 78.2±7.8 | 80.4±7.7 | 74.2±10.3a | 75.5±8.2a | 80.9±7.7 | 73.4±10.0c | 76.7±9.0b |
| Body height (m) | 1.65±0.05 | 1.66±0.05 | 1.64±0.06 | 1.65±0.05 | 1.66±0.05 | 1.64±0.06 | 1.65±0.05 | 1.66±0.05 | 1.64±0.06 |
| BMI (kg·m-2) | 29.6±3.0 | 28.4±2.8 | 29.1±3.0 | 29.5±2.7 | 26.8±2.9a | 28.1±3.4a | 29.9±2.7 | 26.5±2.7c | 28.6±3.5b |
| Body fat (%) | 46.7±6.5 | 47.5±3.2 | 46.2±3.9 | 47.1±6.5 | 43.4±4.2a | 43.8±5.5a | 47.7±6.5b,c | 42.0±4.5b,c | 44.8±5.1b,c |
| Fat mass (kg) | 37.4±6.5 | 37.3±6.7 | 36.3±6.0 | 37.8±6.2 | 32.5±7.1a | 33.4±7.1a | 38.6±6.5b,c | 31.1±6.9b,c | 34.6±7.3b,c |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 42.8±7.2 | 40.8±4.1 | 41.9±3.2 | 42.6±6.7 | 41.7±4.1a | 42.1±3.3a | 42.3±6.6 | 42.3±4.5b,c | 42.1±3.6b,c |
| WCR (cm) | 95.9±5.3 | 96.7±8.8 | 96.4±8.9 | 96.1±4.8 | 90.8±8.1a | 89.3±9.0a | 97.6±5.1b | 90.1±8.7c | 94.0±9.9b,c |
| HCR (cm) | 110.3±6.5 | 110.9±6.5 | 110.9±7.2 | 111.0±6.1 | 108.0±7.6a | 108.8±7.9a | 112.2±5.6b,c | 107.9±7.1c | 110.0±7.1b |
| WHR | 0.87±0.04 | 0.87±0.04 | 0.87±0.06 | 0.87±0.04 | 0.84±0.04a | 0.82±0.07a | 0.87±0.04 | 0.83±0.05c | 0.85±0.07b |
| VO2max (ml·kg-1·min-1) | 26.1±3.2 | 26.1±4.4 | 27.4±3.2 | 25.8±3.2 | 31.8±4.8a | 31.6±3.6a | 25.6±3.1a | 33.1±4.8a,b,c | 29.5±3.3a,b,c |
| 1RM Leg press (kg) | 133.8±29.7 | 124.6±22.4 | 131.4±18.6 | 133.3±26.1 | 143.7±26.0a | 148.2±25.6a | 135.5±27.5 | 158.5±32.3a,b | 146.9±24.6a |
C, control group; TR, trained group; TRD, trained-detrained group; PA, physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; METs, metabolic equivalent of task; EI, energy intake; RMR, resting metabolic rate; BMI, body mass index; WCR, waist circumference; HCR, hip circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; VO2max, maximal oxygen intake; 1RM, one repetition maximum;
adenotes a difference between baseline and mid-training at p<0.05 or at p<0.01;
bdenotes a difference between mid-training and post-training or detraining at p<0.05 or at p<0.01;
cdenotes a difference between baseline and post-training or detraining at p<0.05 or at p<0.01.