Table 2. Incidence rates for hemorrhagic stroke, subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage by drug exposure group.
Antithrombotic treatment | Hemorrhagic stroke | Subdural hemorrhage | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Events, No. | Crude Rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI) | Age and sex adjusted incidence rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI) | Events, No. | Crude Rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI) | Age and sex adjusted incidence rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI) | Events, No. | Crude Rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI) | Age and sex adjusted incidence rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI) | Events, No. | Crude Rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI | Age and sex adjusted incidence rate, Events per 100 Person-Years (95% CI) | |
None | 4967 | 0.027 (0.026–0.028) | 0.034 (0.034–0.035) | 2701 | 0.015 (0.014–0.015) | 0.019 (0.019–0.020) | 2076 | 0.011 (0.011–0.012) | 0.012 (0.011–0.012) | 4312 | 0.023 (0.023–0.024) | 0.027 (0.026–0.028) |
Aspirin | 2103 | 0.11 (0.10–0.11) | 0.053 (0.040–0.066) | 967 | 0.048 (0.045–0.052) | 0.021 (0.018–0.025) | 399 | 0.020 (0.018–0.022) | 0.015 (0.011–0.018) | 1232 | 0.062 (0.058–0.065) | 0.033 (0.027–0.040) |
Warfarin | 813 | 0.27 (0.25–0.28) | 0.12 (0.099–0.15) | 454 | 0.15 (0.13–0.16) | 0.076 (0.058–0.093) | 77 | 0.025 (0.020–0.031) | 0.024 (0.013–0.034) | 334 | 0.11 (0.098–0.12) | 0.051 (0.041–0.061) |
Aspirin plus Clopidogrel | 83 | 0.11 (0.09–0.14) | 0.049 (0.036–0.062) | 77 | 0.11 (0.084–0.13) | 0.069 (0.034–0.10) | 24 | 0.033 (0.021–0.049) | 0.019 (0.0096–0.028) | 80 | 0.11 (0.087–0.14) | 0.060 (0.043–0.076) |
Aspirin-Dipyridamole | 317 | 0.24 (0.21–0.27) | 0.13 (0.088–0.18) | 112 | 0.085 (0.070–0.10) | 0.029 (0.023–0.036) | 68 | 0.052 (0.040–0.065) | 0.033 (0.019–0.047) | 153 | 0.12 (0.098–0.14) | 0.099 (0.0050–0.19) |
Warfarin plus Aspirin | 132 | 0.38 (0.32–0.45) | 0.19 (0.12–0.25) | 69 | 0.20 (0.15–0.25) | 0.096 (0.051–0.14) | 10 | 0.029 (0.014–0.052) | 0.011 (0.0030–0.020) | 52 | 0.15 (0.11–0.19) | 0.049 (0.032–0.067) |
Clopidogrel | 57 | 0.13 (0.10–0.17) | 0.085 (0.052–0.12) | 49 | 0.11 (0.084–0.15) | 0.083 (0.0050–0.16) | 10 | 0.023 (0.011–0.043) | 0.011 (0.0035–0.018) | 46 | 0.11 (0.078–0.14) | 0.069 (0.038–0.10) |
Rivaroxaban | 60 | 0.34 (0.26–0.43) | 0.16 (0.11–0.21) | 8 | 0.045 (0.019–0.088) | 0.024 (0.0021–0.045) | 5 | 0.028 (0.009–0.065) | 0.012 (0.00038–0.023) | 18 | 0.10 (0.060–0.16) | 0.065 (0.015–0.12) |
Dipyridamole | 28 | 0.26 (0.17–0.37) | 0.083 (0.046–0.12) | 10 | 0.092 (0.044–0.17) | 0.028 (0.0099–0.046) | 1 | 0.0092 (0.00023–0.051) | 0.0024 (-0.0023–0.0070) | 10 | 0.092 (0.044–0.17) | 0.040 (0.0033–0.077) |
Dabigatran | 21 | 0.13 (0.08–0.20) | 0.044 (0.024–0.063) | 9 | 0.056 (0.025–0.11) | 0.022 (0.0062–0.039) | 1 | 0.0062 (0.00016–0.034) | 0.0017 (-0.0016–0.0050) | 9 | 0.056 (0.025–0.11) | 0.027 (-0.0013–0.056) |
Ticagrelor plus Aspirin | 7 | 0.079 (0.03–0.16) | 0.062 (-0.000094–0.12) | 6 | 0.068 (0.025–0.15) | 0.059 (-0.0012–0.12) | 3 | 0.034 (0.0070–0.099) | 0.016 (-0.0036–0.034) | 9 | 0.10 (0.047–0.19) | 0.066 (0.010–0.12) |
Apixaban | 7 | 0.26 (0.10–0.54) | 0.10 (0.022–0.18) | 4 | 0.15 (0.041–0.38) | 0.051 (-0.0038–0.11) | 0 | 0.00 (0.00–0.14) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1 | 0.037 (0.00094–0.21) | 0.012 (-0.011–0.035) |
Warfarin plus Aspirin and Clopidogrel | 9 | 0.45 (0.20–0.85) | 0.26 (0.00077–0.51) | 5 | 0.25 (0.081–0.58) | 0.044 (0.0039–0.085) | 1 | 0.050 (0.0013–0.28) | 0.012 (-0.012–0.036) | 2 | 0.10 (0.012–0.36) | 0.022 (-0.0086–0.052) |
Dabigatran plus Aspirin | 6 | 0.24 (0.09–0.53) | 0.13 (-0.034–0.29) | 2 | 0.08 (0.0097–0.29) | 0.054 (-0.040 to 0.15) | 0 | 0.00 (0.00–0.15) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 2 | 0.080 (0.0097–0.29) | 0.055 (-0.039–0.15) |
Rivaroxaban plus Aspirin | 12 | 0.54 (0.28–0.95) | 0.25 (0.069–0.43) | 3 | 0.14 (0.028–0.40) | 0.030 (-0.0051–0.065) | 1 | 0.045 (0.0011–0.25) | 0.021 (-0020- 0.062) | 4 | 0.18 (0.049–0.46) | 0.056 (-0.0046–0.12) |
Aspirin-Dipyridamole plus Clopidogrel | 5 | 0.47 (0.15–1.09) | 0.19 (0.0071–0.37) | 3 | 0.28 (0.058–0.82) | 0.064 (-0.0093–0.14) | 0 | 0.00 (0.00–0.34) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 6 | 0.56 (0.21–1.22) | 0.19 (0.034–0.34) |
Other antithrombotic medication | 15 | 0.38 (0.27–0.52) | 0.16 (0.10–0.21) | 8 | 0.080 (0.035–0.16) | 0.029 (0.0079–0.050) | 4 | 0.040 (0.011–0.10) | 0.024 (0.052–2.43) | 9 | 0.090 (0.041–0.17) | 0.040 (0.0084–0.072) |
Patients could have multiple treatment courses with one drug or with different drugs.