FIGURE 2.

Trends* in age-adjusted HPV-associated cancer incidence,^† by cancer type and sex — United States,^§ 1999–2015

Sources: CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries; National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

Abbreviations: AAPC=average annual percent change; HPV = human papillomavirus; NS=not significant; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma.

* Trends were measured with AAPC in age-adjusted rates, and were considered to increase or decrease if p<0.05; otherwise trends were considered stable.

^† HPV-associated cancers were defined as cancers at specific anatomic sites with specific cell types in which HPV DNA frequently is found. All cancers were microscopically confirmed. Vaginal (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition [ICD-O-3] site code C52.9), vulvar (ICD-O-3 site codes C51.0–C51.9), penile (ICD-O-3 site codes C60.0–60.9), anal (including rectal SCC; ICD-O-3 site code C20.9, C21.0–C21.9), and oropharyngeal (ICD-O-3 site codes C01.9, C02.4, C02.8, C05.1, C05.2, C09.0, C09.1, C09.8, C09.9, C10.0, C10.1, C10.2, C10.3, C10.4, C10.8, C10.9, C14.0, C14.2 and C14.8) cancer sites are limited to squamous cell carcinomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 8050–8084, 8120–8131).

^§ Cancer incidence compiled from cancer registries that meet the data quality criteria for all invasive cancer sites combined for each year during the period 1999–2015 (covering 97.8% of the U.S. population).