. 2018 May 2;42(4):343–347. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2017.0082

Table 1. Baseline characteristics.

Variable	Control (n=109)	T2DM (n=103)	P value
Age, yr	48.9±14.7	52.2±12.4	0.070^a
Sex, male	42 (38.5)	58 (56.3)	0.010^b
Height, cm	162.5±9.6	164.3±9.0	0.168^a
Body weight, kg	65.2±5.1	70.0±13.6	0.016^a
Waist circumference, cm	84.4±11.0	88.7±11.6	0.049^a
Body mass index, kg/m²	24.5±4.1	25.9±4.1	0.018^a
Smoking status
Current smoker	8 (7.5)	24 (24.2)	0.001^b
Former smoker	11 (10.4)	15 (15.2)	0.321^b
Never	87 (82.1)	60 (60.6)	0.001^b
Hypertension	18 (16.5)	35 (34.0)	0.003^b
Dyslipidemia	19 (17.4)	20 (19.4)	0.709^b
Coronary artery disease	10 (9.2)	6 (5.8)	0.356^b
Cerebrovascular disease	1 (0.5)	6 (5.8)	0.059^b
Systolic BP, mm Hg	128.7±15.1	134.4±17.9	0.014^a
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	76.5±11.0	80.1±10.1	0.015^a
HbA1c, %	5.5±0.4	8.2±2.2	<0.001^a
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	99.2±14.5	169.7±59.6	<0.001^a
PP2 glucose, mg/dL	127.9±34.7	311.2±99.8	<0.001^a
Fasting C-peptide, pmol/mL	0.70±0.36	0.90±0.38	<0.001^a
PP2 C-peptide, pmol/mL	3.38±1.42	2.74±1.48	0.003^a
Fasting insulin, µIU/mL	9.39±5.21	11.79±6.72	0.005^a
PP2 insulin, µIU/mL	65.32±66.80	49.54±45.60	0.059^a
HOMA-IR	2.39±1.93	4.89±2.96	<0.001^a
HOMA-β	99.2±50.6	52.9±47.2	<0.001^a
Apolipoprotein A, mg/dL	131.7±29.8	121.7±28.7	0.089^a
Apolipoprotein B, mg/dL	91.7±25.5	104.1±30.0	0.025^a
Triglyceride, mg/dL	127.3±103.6	221.7±242.2	<0.001^a
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	190.5±37.8	203.3±52.2	0.046^a
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.74±0.16	0.84±1.01	0.313^a
Estimated GFR	104.5±20.7	115.9±59.6	0.068^a
HDL-C, mg/dL	54.7±13.5	49.4±13.8	0.006^a
LDL-C, mg/dL	117.5±34.6	124.6±47.8	0.229^a
sEGFR, ng/mL	76.6±19.9	84.5±16.1	0.002^a

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; PP2, 2-hour postprandial; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sEGFR, soluble epidermal growth factor receptor.

^aP value from independent t-test, ^bP value from chi-square test.