Table 1.
Characteristics of participants, stratified by anticholinergic status (AC+ vs. AC−)
| AC+ (n = 51) Mean (SD) |
AC− (n = 204) Mean (SD) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 61.7 (7.5) | 61.8 (7.2) | 0.927 |
| Education, years | 15.8 (2.5) | 15.7 (2.4) | 0.847 |
| Female sex, % | 73 | 73 | 1 |
| APOE ε4 carriers, % | 35 | 41 | 0.262 |
| Memory | |||
| AVLT-TL | 48.8 (10.4) | 48.1 (9.0) | 0.55 |
| AVLT-LTM | 9.2 (3.4) | 9.5 (3.2) | 0.71 |
| SRT-free-total | 89.4 (12.4) | 87.96 (11.0) | 0.31 |
| SRT-cued-total | 22.5 (12.4) | 23.7 (10.7) | 0.35 |
| CFT-recall | 17.9 (7.2) | 17.9 (6.5) | 0.89 |
| CFT-recall-copy (%) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.85 |
| VRT | 6.5 (2.1) | 6.8 (1.99) | 0.35 |
| Executive | |||
| WCST-Cat | 4.7 (1.9) | 4.9 (1.7) | 0.25 |
| WCST-errors | 34.1 (22.3) | 31.9 (20.6) | 0.27 |
| WCST-per-err | 15.9 (11.6) | 16.0 (11.0) | 0.48 |
| PASAT-3 | 39.9 (17.2) | 44.1 (13.2) | 0.07 |
| PASAT-2 | 30.5 (13.9) | 34.2 (12.7) | 0.046* |
| WAIS-Dig-Sp | 10.8 (2.9) | 11.3 (2.8) | 0.16 |
| WAIS-Arith | 11.1 (2.8) | 11.8 (2.6) | 0.06 |
| WAIS-DSS | 12.3 (2.1) | 12.9 (2.4) | 0.07 |
Comparison between AC+ and AC− groups using t-test (for continuous variables) and chi-squared test (for female sex % and APOE ε4 carriers %); SD = standard deviation;
= p < .05;
AC+ = taking anticholinergics; AC− = not taking anticholinergics. AVLT-TL = Auditory Verbal Learning Test, total learning; AVLT-LTM = Auditory Verbal Learning Test, long-term memory; SRT-free-total = Buschke Selective Reminding Test, total free; SRT-cued-total = Buschke Selective Reminding Test, total cued; CFT-recall = Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, absolute recall; CFT-recall-copy (%) = Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, % recall copy score; VRT = Benton Visual Retention Test, total number correct; WCST-Cat = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, categories completed score; WCST-errors = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, total errors score; WCST-per-err = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, perseverative errors score; PASAT-3 = Paced Auditory Serial Attention Task 3 total correct score; PASAT-2 = Paced Auditory Serial Attention Task 2 total correct score; WAIS-Dig-Sp = Age-scaled scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised subtests, Digit Span; WAIS-Arith = Age-scaled scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised subtests, Mental Arithmetic; WAIS-DSS = Age-scaled scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised subtests, Digit Symbol Substitution.