Table 3.

Standardized Factor Loadings for the SDQ-DP One-Factor, Second-Order and Bifactor Model for Parent-Reports in Early Childhood

	One-factor Model	Second-order Model		Bifactor Model
	DP-FL	S-FL	S-O FL	S-FL	DP-FL
Emotional Problems			.582
3. Often complains of headaches	.350	.505		.524	.224
8. Many worries	.486	.672		.652	.330
13. Often unhappy, downhearted	.599	.794		.581	.468
16. Nervous or clingy in new situations	.547	.728		.487	.452
24. Many fears	.516	.709		.659	.361
Conduct Problems			.858
5. Often has temper tantrums or hot tempers	.548	.644		.429	.492
7. Generally obedient (R)	.541	.631		.131	.554
12. Often fights with other children	.661	.769		.520	.582
18. Often lies of cheats	.650	.756		.589	.558
22. Steals from home, school, or elsewhere	.628	.716		.568	.510
Hyperactivity
2. Restless, overactive	.778	.822	.844	−.109	.830
10. Constantly fidgeting or squirming	.800	.833		−.116	.850
15. Easily distracted, concentrating wanders	.790	.823		.151	.796
21. Thinks things out before acting (R)	.537	.588		.411	.512
25. Sees tasks through to the end (R)	.679	.732		.700	.665

Note. Factor loadings in bold are significant at p<.001 level, and italicized at p<.05.

Note. S-FL stands for scale-specific factor loadings, DP-FL stands for factor loadings on the general DP bifactor, and S-O FL stands for second-order factor loadings.

Note. Items followed by (R) are reverse-coded