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. 2018 Aug 23;8:12708. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31137-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SFN impact on mitochondria-related gene expression. (A1) Cell viability was not affected by SFN (5 µM) as determined by MTT assay. (A2) SFN treatment upregulates the expression level of Nrf2 and its downstream target Nqo1 in mice brain microvascular endothelial cells. (B1–B3) Volcano plots of gene expression in response to different concentration of SFN (B1) 2 µM vs. control; (B2) 5 µM vs control and (B3) 2 vs. 5 µM) as analyzed by MitoChip microarray in primary cells. Horizontal line represents p = 0.05. Genes with expression not significantly altered are indicated by solid black circles and genes with expression significantly altered are indicated by solid red circles. Significantly down-regulated genes are in the upper left quadrant and significantly up-regulated genes are in the upper right quadrant. N = 3–4 independent biological samples per condition repeated in triplicates. Blots of Nrf2, Nqo1 and β-actin were taken from different gels.