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. 2018 Aug 23;8:12708. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31137-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SFN regulates the expression of phase 2 drug metabolism/detoxification genes of the glutathione system in a dose-dependent manner. (A1) MitoChip array data of GSTs enzymes involved in cellular detoxification that were affected by SFN. Changes in the gene expression levels of relevant GST enzymes (Gsta1 and Gstm1) were validated ad hoc by RT-PCR (A2). Results demonstrated a dose and time-dependent effect of SFN treatment over upregulation of these enzymes. N = 4 samples per condition and assayed in triplicates. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005 and ***p < 0.001 compared to controls (fold changes).