Fig. 7.

Ectopic expression of the dominant-negative mutant of VPS4 inhibits HSV-1 nuclear egress. a Electron microscope images of HeLa cells co-infected with HSV-1 and either control recombinant adenovirus (Ad-Ct) or recombinant adenovirus expressing Flag-VPS4-DN (Ad-VPS4-DN). Cells were infected with Ad-Ct or Ad-VPS4-DN for 4 h and then co-infected with HSV-1 for 22 h. Arrowheads indicate virions defective in scission steps in the aberrant invagination structures derived from the INM. C cytoplasm, N nucleus, NM nuclear membrane. Bars, 500 nm. Images are representative of three independent experiments. The percent of (b) perinuclear enveloped virions and c capsids in the cytoplasm of the cells in the experiment in (a) were determined. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM for 25 cells and are representative of three independent experiments. The indicated P-values were obtained using the Tukey’s test (b, c)