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. 2018 Aug 23;9:3388. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05900-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Rapid and localized subthreshold dendritic voltage hotspots show nonlinear relationships with dendritic calcium and somatic output. a Averaged isolated hotspots (216 in total, single PN) showing profiles of voltage (top traces) and calcium (bottom traces) (vertical scale bar 5% ΔF/F, corresponding to about 11 mV) in the temporal dimension (left traces; horizontal scale bar 10 ms) and the spatial dimension (right traces; horizontal scale bar 5 μm), grouped based on temporal duration of their ROIs. b Averaged isolated hotspots (1534 in total) showing profiles of voltage (top traces) and calcium (bottom traces) from all seven PNs (vertical scale bar 5% ΔF/F, corresponding to about 11 mV) in the temporal dimension (left; horizontal scale bar 10 ms) and the spatial dimension (right; horizontal scale bar 5 μm). Probability distributions for c the duration, d width, e amplitude and f frequency of all detected hotspots from seven PNs. g Average hotspot activity (percent hot dendrite in 5 ms bins) and average dendritic calcium (green trace; vertical scale bar 5% ΔF/F; horizontal scale bar 20 ms) during 13 DS events from a single PN. h Cross-correlations from all PNs, showing temporal relationship between hotspot traces and SS traces (top coloured traces), and cross-correlations from the same PNs, using reversed hotspot input traces (bottom coloured traces), thick black traces show group averages (vertical scale bar 0.1% ΔCC/CC; horizontal scale bar 20 ms). i Relationships between hotspot frequency (Hz/5 μm) and SS frequency for seven PNs and j the corresponding relationship between percent hot dendrite and SS frequency, calculated using a 20 ms kernel with 1 ms increments. Bars show mean ± s.e.m