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. 2018 Aug 23;8:12667. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30981-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Resonant modes of the 8-leg birdcage resonator as obtained from reflectometry (the magnitude of the S-parameter, $| S_{11} |$ , is shown in dB units as a function of frequency). Note that the lowest, k = 1 mode has the largest homogeneity, it is therefore used in MRI. A zoom-in is also shown for this mode with and without the sample (the reflection is shown on a linear scale). The overall schematics of the low-pass birdcage resonator is also provided.