Table 2. Association between VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin levels and HIV-status in multivariate models (among HIV-infected participants only).
| Log VCAM-1 (ng/ml) | ICAM-1 (ng/ml) | #E-selectin (ng/ml) | ||||
| CVD risk factor | Estimate (95% CI) | p-value | Estimate (95% CI) | p-value | Estimate (95% CI) | p-value |
| HIV status (ref = controls) | 0.14 (0.04, 0.25) | 0.01 | 55.17 (5.87, 104.46) | 0.03 | 1.19 (–6.15, 8.52) | 0.75 |
| Age (per 5-year increase) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) | < 0.01 | 9.03 (–14.62, 32.68) | 0.45 | –1.59 (–5.07, 1.89) | 0.37 |
| Gender (ref = female) | –0.18 (–0.30, –0.06) | < 0.01 | –18.62 (–72.85, 35.61) | 0.50 | 2.49 (–5.72, 10.70) | 0.55 |
| Body mass indexa (kg/m2) | –0.02 (–0.03, –0.01) | < 0.01 | 1.81 (–3.52, 7.14) | 0.50 | 0.22 (–0.58, 1.01) | 0.59 |
| Mean arterial pressureb | 0.002 (–0.002, 0.006) | 0.44 | –0.08 (–1.99, 1.83) | 0.93 | 0.20 (–0.09, 0.49) | 0.17 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/dl) | –0.001 (–0.003, 0) | 0.01 | –0.15 (–0.68, 0.38) | 0.58 | 0.01 (–0.08, 0.10) | 0.82 |
| Glycosylated haemoglobin (%) | 0.01 (–0.06, 0.09) | 0.75 | 20.30 (–14.29, 54.88) | 0.25 | 6.16 (1.43, 10.10) | 0.01 |
| Previous smoker (not current) vs never | –0.001 (–0.123, 0.121) | 0.99 | 25.02 (–33.28, 83.33) | 0.40 | 4.31 (–4.2, 12.93) | 0.33 |
| Current smoker vs never | 0.07 (–0.10, 0.23) | 0.45 | 123.93 (44.47, 203.40) | < 0.01 | 10.72 (–0.47, 21.90) | 0.06 |
| Statin use (ref = on statin) | –0.21 (–0.47, 0.05) | 0.12 | 5.25 (–119.28, 129.78) | 0.93 | –5.85 (–26.56, 14.85) | 0.58 |
VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule.
#Significant interaction not reported because of high rates of missing data.
aBody mass index calculated as body weight (kg) divided by height2 (m).
b Mean arterial pressure calculated as one-third systolic blood pressure (mmHg) plus two-thirds diastolic pressure (mmHg).