Table 1.

Biological activity of the five Kampo medicines used in the present study and the composition of the constituent crude drugs

Kampo medicine	Known pharmacological activities	Constituent crude drugs (% composition)
Yokukansan	Amelioration of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia [12]	Glycyrrhizae radix (7.4), Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma (19.5), poria (19.5), cnidii rhizoma (14.6), Uncariae uncis cum ramulus (14.6), Angelicae acutilobae radix (14.6), bupleuri radix (9.8)
Rikkunshito	Improvement of upper gastrointestinal disorders [13]	Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma (18.6), Ginseng radix (18.6), Pinelliae tuber (18.6), poria (18.6), zizyphi fructus (9.3), citri unshiu pericarpium (9.3), Glycyrrhizae radix (4.7), Zingiberis rhizoma (2.3)
Shakuyakukanzoto	Amelioration of painful muscle cramps [16]	Glycyrrhizae radix (50), Paeoniae radix (50)
Hangeshashinto	Reducing chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis [14]	Pinelliae tuber (27.0), Scutellariae radix (13.5), Zingiberis rhizoma processum (13.5), Glycyrrhizae radix (13.5), zizyphi fructus (13.5), Ginseng radix (13.5), coptidis rhizoma (5.5)
Goshajinkigan	Reducing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy [15]	Rehmanniae radix (17.9), Achyranthis radix (10.7), corni fructus (10.7), Dioscoreae rhizoma (10.7), plantaginis semen (10.7), alismatis tuber (10.7), poria (10.7), moutan cortex (10.7), Cinnamomi cortex (3.6), Aconiti radix processa et pulverata (3.6)