Table 1.
Genes involved with distinct functions in breast cancer
| Gene symbol | Gene name | Molecular and cellular function |
|---|---|---|
| ABCB1 (MDR1) | ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 | Xenobiotic transport |
| ABCG2 (BCRP) | ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 | Xenobiotic transport |
| ADAM23 | ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23 | Proteolysis |
| AKT1 | AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 | Signal transduction (AKT and PI3 kinase signaling) |
| APC | Adenomatosis polyposis coli | Signal transduction (WNT signaling), cell adhesion, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage, and repair |
| AR | Androgen receptor | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling) and transcription factor |
| ATM | ATM serine/threonine kinase | DNA damage and repair |
| BCL2 | BCL2, apoptosis regulator | Signal transduction (hedgehog signaling), cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell cycle |
| BIRC5 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing | Signal transduction (Notch signaling) |
| BRCA1 | Breast cancer 1 | DNA damage and repair and signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling) |
| BRCA2 | Breast cancer 2 | DNA damage and repair |
| CCNA1 | Cyclin A1 | Cell cycle |
| CCND1 | Cyclin D1 | Cell cycle, DNA damage and repair, and signal transduction (hedgehog and WNT signaling) |
| CCND2 | Cyclin D2 | Cell cycle |
| CCNE1 | Cyclin E1 | Cell cycle and signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling) |
| CDH13 | Cadherin 13 | Cell adhesion and angiogenesis |
| CDK2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | Cell cycle |
| CDKN1A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A | Cell cycle, DNA damage and repair, and apoptosis |
| CDKN1C | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1AC | Cell cycle |
| CDKN2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | Cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell adhesion |
| CST6 | Cystatin E/M | Proteases |
| CTNNB1 | Catenin beta 1 | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling), epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and cell adhesion |
| CTSD | Cathepsin D | Proteases |
| EGF | Epidermal growth factor | Angiogenesis |
| ERBB2 | Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 | Signal transduction (AKT/PI3K signaling), angiogenesis, and cell adhesion |
| ESR1 | Estrogen receptor 1 | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling) and transcription factor |
| ESR2 | Estrogen receptor 2 | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling) and transcription factor |
| FOXA1 | Forkhead box A1 | Transcription factor |
| GATA3 | GATA-binding protein 3 | Transcription factor |
| HIC1 | HIC ZBTB transcriptional repressor 1 | Transcription factor |
| ID1 | Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 | Angiogenesis and breast cancer metastasis to lung and breast cancer classification marker |
| IGF1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated and AKT/PI3K signaling) |
| IGF1R | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor | Signal transduction (AKT/PI3K signaling) |
| IGFBP3 | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 | Signal transduction (glucocorticoid signaling) |
| IL6 | Interleukin 6 | Angiogenesis and apoptosis |
| JUN | Jun proto-oncogene | Angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, and transcription factor |
| KRT19 | Keratin 19 | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling) |
| MAPK1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Signal transduction (MAP kinase-mediated signaling) and DNA damage and repair |
| MAPK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 | Signal transduction (MAP kinase-mediated signaling) |
| MAPK8 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 | Signal transduction (MAP kinase-mediated signaling) |
| MGMT | O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase | DNA damage and repair |
| MKI67 | Marker of proliferation Ki-67 | Cell cycle |
| MLH1 | MutL homolog 1 | DNA damage and repair |
| MMP2 | Matrix metallopeptidase 2 | Proteases and breast cancer metastasis to lung and breast cancer classification marker |
| MMP9 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 | Proteases |
| MYC | V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog | Cell cycle and transcription factor |
| NME1 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 | Signal transduction (glucocorticoid signaling) and apoptosis |
| NOTCH1 | Notch 1 | Signal transduction (Notch signaling) and angiogenesis |
| NR3C1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 | Signal transduction (glucocorticoid signaling) and transcription factor |
| PGR | Progesterone receptor | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling) and transcription factor |
| PLAU | Plasminogen activator, urokinase | Angiogenesis and proteases |
| PRDM2 | PR/SET domain 2 | Transcription factor |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog | Signal transduction (AKT/PI3K signaling), angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and cell cycle |
| PYCARD | PYD and CARD domain-containing | Proteases |
| RARB | Retinoic acid receptor beta | Apoptosis and transcription factor |
| RASSF1 | Ras-association domain family member 1 | Cell cycle |
| RB1 | RB transcriptional corepressor 1 | Signal transduction (steroid receptor-mediated signaling), cell cycle, and transcription factor |
| SERPINE1 | Serpin family E member 1 | Angiogenesis |
| SFN | Stratifin | Apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage and repair |
| SFRP1 | Secreted frizzled-related protein | Signal transduction (WNT signaling) and apoptosis |
| SLIT2 | Slit guidance ligand 2 | Angiogenesis |
| THBS1 | Thrombospondin 1 | Angiogenesis and cell adhesion |
| TP53 | Tumor protein p53 | Apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage and repair, and transcription factor |
| TP73 | Tumor protein p73 | Apoptosis, DNA damage and repair, transcription factor, and signal transduction (MAP kinase signaling) |
| VEGFA | Vascular endothelial growth factor | Angiogenesis |
| XBP1 | X-box binding protein 1 | Transcription factor |