Table 2.

Emission factors (EFs) and Combustion Factors (CFs) used in this study. Factors were obtained from the literature in Table 1 and placed into non-pile or pile burning category based on moisture content or study design. The EFs and CFs were averaged to obtain burning practice-specific factors.

Factor	Average and Standard Deviation	EFs/CFs averaged from literature	Notes
Combustion Completeness Factor (non-pile burning)	0.89 (±0.08)	Aalde et al., 2006; Sanchis et al., 2014; Romasanta et al., 2017	Sanchis et al. (2014) includes ash and burned straw from 10% moisture test
Combustion Completeness Factor (Pile burning)	0.67 (±0.07)	Sanchis et al., 2014	Factor includes ash and burned straw from 20% moisture test
PM2.5 emission factor (g/kg) (non-pile burning)	8.8 (±1.9)	Oanh et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013; Cao et al., 2008; Sanchis et al., 2014; Ni et al., 2015
PM2.5 emission factor (g/kg) (Pile burning)	16.9 (±4.1)	Hays et al., 2005; Zhang et al., 2013, 2015; Sanchis et al., 2014
PM2.5 emission factor (g/kg) General agriculture/IPCC	5.1 (±1.2)	Andreae and Merlet 2001; Akagi et al., 2011	General crop residue burning factors employed by many global studies