Table 1. Barriers Identified in the Utilization of Evidence in Health System Policy Makings .
| Author | Study Design | Barriers Identified |
|
Oliver K (2014) (7) |
A systematic review of barriers & solutions to evidence utilization by policy-makers |
- Lack of clear relevant evidence and costs - untimely presentation of report results - policy-makers’ lack of research skills and/or awareness |
|
El-Jardali F (2012) (8) |
A survey of researchers from 12 EMRO countries who had produced articles on health system & policy-making |
- Lack of budget for health research - Overt political pressure, low political will & corruption - Insufficient communication, exchange & inappropriate dialogues - Too few trained policy-makers empowered with evidence utilization |
|
Majdzadeh R (2011) (9) |
In-depth interviews & focus, and group discussions with Iranian policy-makers & researchers |
Policy-makers’ characteristics: Policy-makers’ selection criteria/ incentive mechanism/ knowledge of & belief in evidence-based policy-mak2014break />Organizational values/ limited vision in decision-makings/ the effect of non-technical issues/ the executive capacity of policy/ context/ the small effect of evidence-informed policy-making on resource allocation/ resistance toward innovation/ lack of coordination between various sectors of the decision-making organization Research system: Lack of a priority-setting system for health research/ resource shortage/ insufficient communications between knowledge producers and decision-makers |
|
Nedjat S (2014) (10) |
A survey of Iranian authors and in-depth interviews & focus group discussions with managers, policy-makers, health service providers & researchers |
Barriers related to researchers’ capabilities: Lack of awareness of knowledge translation/ lack of cooperation among researchers resulting from mistrust/ methods of research topic selection/ lack of hope toward change in target audiences/ lack of appropriate communication between researcher & decision-maker Knowledge transfer barriers: Shortage of applied & useful research/ low research quality/ Lack of delivery of results to target audiences Barriers to human resource management: Inappropriate promotion criteria for researchers/ shortage of human resources and difficulties in recruitment Barriers to research management: Irrational priority-setting of research/ absence of a single pre-defined mechanism for delivery of research results |
|
Imani-nasab MH (2014) (11) |
Structured interviews with producers of policy-informed evidence, managers and MOHME experts |
Determinant factors of evidence utilization by policy-producers: Knowledge & innovation development/ performance management/ physical environment/ hiring technicians/ colleagues Determinant factors of evidence utilization by health policy-makers: Use of jargon / composition of documentations & evidence/ time restrictions/ timely & relevant evidence/ administrative framework for evidence-based policy-making/ limited resources to support evidence-based policy-making |
|
Hyder AA (2010) (12) |
In-depth interviews with policy-makers through purposive sampling at national level (Iran) |
Communication & dissemination of evidence: Communication/ different goals & languages of researchers and policy makers/ lack of policy-makers’ technical capacities/ limited capacity for conducting policy-related research/ resource shortage/ organizational culture The impact of political conditions: Legislating trend/ parliamentary machinery/ financial policies |