Table 3. Educational impact of DOPS assessment method .

Author: year	Country	Participants	Intervention	Results and conclusion
Tsui K, et al., 2013(35)	Taiwan	Students	Validity of students’ measurement of prostate volume in predicting treatment outcomes	DOPS assessment improved students’ prostate volume measurement skills (Cronbach’s a > 0.70).
Profanter C and Perathoner A, 2015(36)	Austria	193 fourth year students	Prospective randomized trial (DOPS vs. classical tutor system); surgical skills-lab course	DOPS group has high level of clinical skills. DOPS dimensions seem to improve tutoring and rates of performance.
Scott DJ, et al., 2000(37)	USA	22 junior surgery residents	2 weeks of formal video training	Trained group had significantly better performance than control group based on the assessment through direct observation (P = 0.02) compared to video tape assessment (NS). DOPS showed improved performance of participants after formal skills training on a video trainer.
Shahgheibi Sh et al., 2009(38)	Iran	73 medical students (42 control & 31 intervention)	Evaluation of the effects of DOPS on clinical externship of students learning level in obstetrics ward	DOPS group had significantly improved their skills than control group (p = 0.001). DOPS can be more useful in improving students' skill.
Morris A, et al., 2006(39)	UK	27 preregistration house officer	Perceptions of preregistration house officer	Participants mentioned that DOPS can improve their clinical skills as well as their future careers.
Hengameh H, et al., 2015 (40)	Iran	Nursing students	Comparing the effect of DOPS and routine assessment method	DOPS has significantly improved nursing students' clinical skills (p = 0.000).
Nazari R et a., :2013(41)	Iran	39 nursing students	Comparing the effect of DOPS and routine assessment method	DOPS has significantly improved nursing students' clinical skills (p < 0.001).
Dabhadkar S, et al., 2014(32)	India	7 second year postgraduate students of OBGY	Assessment impact of DOPS on students' learning	Five of 6 students who performed unsatisfactorily in the first round of DOPS moved to satisfactory level of performance in the second round of DOPS. Participants showed improvement in the second round of DOPS.
Amini A, et al., 2015(33)	Iran	7 orthopedic residents and 9 faculty members	Assessment impact of DOPS on students' learning	Students' performance was improved in the second stage of DOPS (from 50.6% to 59.4%). DOPS assessment methods had an effective role in increased level of students’ learning and skills.
Bagheri M, et al., 2014(42)	Iran	Emergency medicine students (25 in experiment and 21 in control group)	Assessment impact of DOPS on students' learning	Experimental group had significantly high mean scores compared to the control group (p = 0.0001, t = 4.9).