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. 2018 Aug 20;14:2105–2114. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S163449

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© 2018 Zhang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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The gene expression levels of TH, DDC, VMAT2, and SNAP25 in the rat’s VTA of three independent brain samples in groups of the saline (Ctrl), 20% ethanol (E), 30 mg/kg ketamine (K30), 60 mg/kg ketamine (K60), 30 mg/kg ketamine with 20% ethanol (K30+E), and 60 mg/kg ketamine with 20% ethanol (K60+E) with three technical replicates of each sample.

Notes: A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. ***p < 0.0005, **p < 0.005. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, N = 3 per group.

Abbreviations: DDC, dopa decarboxylase; SEM, standard error of the mean; SNAP25, synaptosomal-associated protein 25; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; VMAT2, vesicular monoamine transporter 2; VTA, ventral tegmental area.