Table 4.
Variable | Relative annual increase of CEO pay | Proportion of equity and option based CEO pay | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |||||||
B | t | B | t | B | t | B | t | B | t | B | t | |
Proportion of board female directors | −0.271 | −0.51 | 0.108 | 0.58 | ||||||||
Proportion of audit committee female directors | 0.477 | 1.39 | 0.0622 | 0.50 | ||||||||
Proportion of remuneration committee female directors | −0.761** | −2.43 | −0.0350 | −0.30 | ||||||||
Proportion of board independent directors | 0.264 | 1.13 | 0.231 | 1.04 | 0.278 | 1.24 | −0.176 | −1.64 | −0.176 | −1.58 | −0.240** | −2.11 |
Logarithm of board size | 0.119 | 1.08 | 0.187 | 1.28 | 0.184 | 1.11 | 0.0262 | 1.01 | 0.0229 | 0.76 | 0.0396 | 1.36 |
Logarithm of total assets | −0.0135 | −0.48 | −0.0163 | −0.53 | −0.0225 | −0.69 | 0.000935 | 0.16 | 0.000735 | 0.13 | 0.00157 | 0.25 |
Return on assets | −0.350 | −0.96 | −0.332 | −0.91 | −0.0130 | −0.04 | −0.00798 | −0.09 | −0.0126 | −0.15 | −0.00624 | −0.07 |
Debt to assets ratio | −0.0932 | −0.62 | −0.0610 | −0.41 | −0.190 | −0.97 | 0.0124 | 0.48 | 0.0144 | 0.50 | 0.0101 | 0.28 |
Annual market return | 0.0634 | 0.69 | 0.0225 | 0.25 | 0.106 | 1.00 | −0.0542* | −1.91 | −0.0525* | −1.85 | −0.0530* | −1.73 |
Book to market ratio | 0.0151 | 1.55 | 0.0160* | 1.74 | 0.00505 | 0.74 | −0.000805 | −0.36 | −0.000562 | −0.25 | 0.000343 | 0.15 |
Constant | 0.137 | 0.31 | −0.113 | −0.26 | 0.217 | 0.43 | −0.0518 | −0.40 | −0.0374 | −0.30 | −0.0528 | −0.42 |
No. of Obs. | 243 | 236 | 213 | 297 | 290 | 264 | ||||||
Adjusted R2 | 0.0587 | 0.0712 | 0.0597 | 0.180 | 0.178 | 0.157 | ||||||
F | 4.927 | 4.446 | 3.864 | 1.788 | 1.767 | 1.426 | ||||||
p | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0409 | 0.0441 | 0.145 | ||||||
No. of firms clusters | 92 | 92 | 84 | 95 | 95 | 87 |
Regressions are estimated using OLS with standard errors clustered by company. All models include 2-digit SIC and year dummies.
p < 0.1;
p < 0.05. In bold statistically significant coefficients of variables of interest.