Table 7.
Variable | Relative annual increase of CEO pay | Proportion of equity and option based CEO pay | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |||||||
B | t | B | t | B | t | B | t | B | t | B | t | |
Independent female directors presence at the board | 0.130 | 0.86 | 0.0313 | 0.62 | ||||||||
Proprietary female directors presence at the board | −0.267** | −2.32 | 0.0512 | 0.99 | ||||||||
Executive female directors presence at the board | 0.339 | 1.04 | −0.0634** | −2.35 | ||||||||
Proportion of board independent directors | 0.122 | 0.58 | 0.0319 | 0.15 | 0.274 | 1.30 | −0.197 | −1.60 | −0.127 | −1.25 | −0.172 | −1.62 |
Logarithm of board size | 0.0994 | 0.84 | 0.166 | 1.49 | 0.116 | 1.05 | 0.0232 | 0.92 | 0.0174 | 0.75 | 0.0269 | 1.03 |
Logarithm of total assets | −0.0112 | −0.39 | −0.0165 | −0.60 | −0.0151 | −0.53 | 0.00109 | 0.18 | 0.00121 | 0.20 | 0.00102 | 0.18 |
Return on assets | −0.315 | −0.82 | −0.362 | −0.97 | −0.261 | −0.86 | −0.0104 | −0.12 | −0.00781 | −0.09 | −0.0240 | −0.28 |
Debt to assets ratio | −0.0767 | −0.50 | −0.110 | −0.73 | −0.0828 | −0.61 | 0.0147 | 0.53 | 0.0150 | 0.60 | 0.0112 | 0.44 |
Annual market return | 0.0417 | 0.42 | 0.0496 | 0.54 | 0.0686 | 0.71 | −0.0554* | −1.93 | −0.0502* | −1.93 | −0.0532* | −1.94 |
Book to market ratio | 0.0145 | 1.51 | 0.0159* | 1.69 | 0.0143 | 1.43 | −0.000691 | −0.31 | −0.000976 | −0.43 | −0.000604 | −0.26 |
Constant | 0.0948 | 0.21 | 0.245 | 0.54 | 0.0955 | 0.22 | −0.0394 | −0.34 | −0.0613 | −0.46 | −0.0360 | −0.31 |
No. of Obs. | 243 | 243 | 243 | 297 | 297 | 297 | ||||||
Adjusted R2 | 0.0618 | 0.0741 | 0.0647 | 0.181 | 0.184 | 0.181 | ||||||
F | 5.005 | 4.602 | 4.549 | 1.847 | 1.914 | 1.775 | ||||||
p | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0330 | 0.0258 | 0.0430 | ||||||
No. of firms clusters | 92 | 92 | 92 | 95 | 95 | 95 |
Regressions are estimated using OLS with standard errors clustered by company. All models include 2-digit SIC and year dummies.
p < 0.1;
p < 0.05. In bold statistically significant coefficients of variables of interest.