Table 2.
Distribution of cardiovascular risk factors, by quintiles of frailty index in 4,330 participants with no prior history of CVD
| % or mean (SD) | Quintiles of frailty index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | V | |
| Range of frailty index | (0.00–0.05) | (0.05–0.08) | (0.09–0.13) | (0.13–0.19) | (0.19–0.58) |
| Demography/medical history | |||||
| Age, years | 57.6 (6.3) | 59.7 (7.3) | 61.6 (7.9) | 63.3 (8.5) | 66.2 (8.9) |
| Sex, female | 47.9 | 50.7 | 51.8 | 60.6 | 67.2 |
| Current smokers | 14.9 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 16.6 |
| Diabetes | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 8.9 | 14.1 |
| BP-lowering medication | 5.9 | 19.7 | 26.1 | 37.0 | 54.9 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication | 5.1 | 14.8 | 20.7 | 30.7 | 38.6 |
| Clinical measurements | |||||
| SBP, mmHg | 132.5 (18.8) | 137.0 (21.6) | 139.3 (20.9) | 140.1 (20.4) | 143.1 (21.3) |
| DBP, mmHg | 83.0 (11.1) | 84.6 (11.9) | 84.7 (11.5) | 84.8 (10.9) | 85.0 (11.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.4 (4.0) | 27.9 (4.5) | 28.4 (4.5) | 29.0 (5.4) | 30.0 (5.6) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.0) | 5.4 (1.0) |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.