Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline by incident diabetes status, Michigan site of the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nationa
| Overall | Diabetes free during follow-up | Incident diabetes during follow-up | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 424 | N = 267 | N = 157 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 46.4 (2.8) | 46.5 (2.8) | 46.2 (2.8) | 0.47 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.4 (7.7) | 29.8 (6.9) | 34.1 (8.3) | <0.0001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.82 (0.07) | 0.80 (0.07) | 0.85 (0.07) | <0.0001 |
| Active lifestyle index | 2.7 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.3) | <0.0001 |
| Absolute grip strength (kg) | 32.9 (6.4) | 32.6 (6.3) | 32.2 (6.6) | 0.37 |
| Weight-normalised grip strength | 0.41 (0.12) | 0.43 (0.11) | 0.39 (0.12) | 0.0004 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 252 (59.4%) | 137 (51.3%) | 115 (73.3%) | |
| White | 172 (40.6%) | 130 (48.7%) | 42 (26.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Obese | 222 (52.4%) | 117 (43.8%) | 105 (66.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker | 109 (25.7%) | 56 (21.0%) | 53 (33.8%) | |
| Not current smoker | 315 (74.3%) | 211 (79.0%) | 104 (66.2%) | 0.004 |
| Difficulty paying for basics | ||||
| Very hard to pay for basics | 42 (9.9%) | 23 (8.6%) | 19 (12.1%) | |
| Somewhat hard to pay for basics | 138 (32.6%) | 82 (30.7%) | 56 (35.7%) | |
| Not hard at all to pay for basics | 244 (57.6%) | 162 (60.7%) | 82 (52.2%) | 0.20 |
| Menopausal status | ||||
| Pre-menopausal | 403 (95.1%) | 252 (94.4%) | 151 (96.2%) | 0.55 |
| Post-menopausal | 3 (0.71%) | 3 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Unknown | 18 (4.3%) | 12 (4.5%) | 6 (3.8%) | |
aMean (SD) reported for all continuous variables. P-values were based on two-sample t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables.