Table 3.
Hazard ratio (HR) of incident diabetes associated with baseline weight-normalised grip strength and annualised change in absolute grip strength among women at the Michigan site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, overall and stratified by race/ethnicity
| Weight-normalised grip strength at baseline n = 424 women | Rate of change in absolute grip strength n = 410 women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRa | 95% CI | P-value | HRb | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Model 1c | 0.74 | (0.65, 0.85) | <0.0001 | 1.11 | (0.96, 1.28) | 0.17 |
| Model 2d | 0.75 | (0.65, 0.86) | <0.0001 | 1.09 | (0.94, 1.26) | 0.24 |
| Model 3e | 0.76 | (0.66, 0.87) | 0.00013 | 1.08 | (0.93, 1.25) | 0.32 |
| Model 4f | 0.81 | (0.70, 0.94) | 0.0052 | 1.06 | (0.91, 1.24) | 0.42 |
| Race/ethnicity stratified models reflecting adjustments from Model 3 | ||||||
| Blackg | 0.84 | (0.72, 0.99) | 0.034 | 1.13 | (0.97, 1.33) | 0.12 |
| Whiteg | 0.44 | (0.31, 0.62) | <0.0001 | 0.72 | (0.46, 1.14) | 0.16 |
| Race/ethnicity stratified models reflecting adjustments from Model 4 | ||||||
| Blackh | 0.90 | (0.77, 1.05) | 0.17 | 1.13 | (0.96, 1.33) | 0.14 |
| Whiteh | 0.46 | (0.32, 0.67) | <0.0001 | 0.74 | (0.47, 1.18) | 0.21 |
| Race/ethnicity stratified models (reflecting adjustments from Model 4), restricted to baseline age <48 years | ||||||
| Blacki | 0.80 | (0.66, 0.97) | 0.023 | 1.15 | (0.94, 1.40) | 0.16 |
| Whitei | 0.45 | (0.28, 0.73) | 0.0011 | 0.86 | (0.51, 1.46) | 0.59 |
aHazard ratio corresponds to 0.1 higher weight-normalised grip strength.
bHazard ratio corresponds to per inter-quartile range faster decrease (−0.14 kg/year).
cAdjusted for baseline age, race/ethnicity, difficulty paying for basics and smoking status.
dAdditionally adjusted for menopausal status and exogenous hormone use.
eAdditionally adjusted for physical activity.
fAdditionally adjusted for waist-to-hip ratio in models of weight-normalised baseline grip strength; additionally adjusted for time-varying BMI in models of rate of change in grip strength.
gRace/ethnic-stratified model, reflecting adjustments as in Model 3.
hRace/ethnic-stratified model, reflecting adjustments as in Model 4.
iSensitivity analyses, race/ethnic-stratified model, restricted to women <48 years of age at baseline, reflecting adjustments as in Model 4.