Figure 1. Systematic profiling of marketed drugs on a representative panel of human gut microbial species.

a. Broad impact of pharmaceuticals on the human gut microbiota. Compounds of the Prestwick Chemical Library are divided into drugs used in humans, exclusively in animals (veterinary) and compounds without medical/veterinary use (non-drugs). Human-use drugs are further categorized according to targeted organism. Strain-drug pairs (i.e. instances when a drug significantly reduced the growth of a specific strain; Methods) are highlighted with a vertical colored bar in the matrix. Bacterial strains are sorted by drug sensitivity. Relative abundances of each strain in four cohort studies of healthy individuals are displayed on the right (boxes correspond to IQR and central line to median relative abundance). b. Fraction of drugs with anticommensal activity by sub-category. Grey scale within bars denotes inhibition spectrum, that is the number of affected strains per drug. c. Correlation between species abundance in the human microbiome and their drug sensitivity. For each strain (N=40), the number of drugs impacting its growth is plotted against its median relative abundance in the human gut microbiome. Lines depict the best linear fit, r_S the Spearman correlation and grey shade the 95% confidence interval of the linear fit. All drugs, and in particular human-targeted drugs inhibit the growth of abundant species more.