Extended Data Figure 12. More complex, bulkier and heavier human-targeted drugs are more effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

Fraction of inhibited Gram-positive (blue, N = 22) or -negative (red, N = 18) strains per drug plotted against different chemical properties of the drugs. Chemical properties, such as complexity (based on atom types, symmetry, computed using the Bertz/Hendrickson/Ihlenfeldt formula), molecular weight, TPSA (topological polar surface area, an estimate of the area - in Å squared), volume (in cubic Å) and XLogP (distribution coefficient that is a measure of differential solubility in octanol/water) were obtained from PubChem ⁶⁴. For each chemical property, we used a Type II ANOVA to test for linear dependency between the fraction of affected species and the chemical property (slope). Additionally, we tested if this dependency depended on the Gram stain (slope difference). It is possible that there is no significant slope without considering Gram stain, but that there is a significant difference between the slopes for the two Gram stains. Lines show a linear fit to the data, with 95% confidence intervals as shaded area.