Table 1.
Longitudinal sample characteristics and child anthropometrics and behaviors by neighborhood type (n=618*)
| Low PAE/ Low NE neighborhoods | Low PAE/ High NE neighborhoods | High PAE/ Low NE neighborhoods | High PAE/ High NE neighborhoods | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| # of block groups | n=108 | n=85 | n=91 | n=115 |
|
| ||||
| Average percent White | 78.3% | 76.9% | 73.1% | 75.7% |
|
| ||||
| Median resident age (years) | 38.1 (6.8) | 37.1 (6.2) | 35.4 (5.7) | 37.2 (7.0) |
|
| ||||
| Average family size | 3.2 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.3) | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.5) |
|
| ||||
| Median household income ($) | 73449 (22783) | 64690 (23035) | 54190 (19676) | 56329 (19142) |
|
| ||||
| Child, Parent, or Household Characteristics | ||||
|
| ||||
| # of children* | 161 | 143 | 150 | 164 |
|
| ||||
| Baseline child age (years) | 9.1 (1.5) | 9.0 (1.6) | 9.0 (1.6) | 9.3 (1.5) |
|
| ||||
| Child sex (% female) | 50.9% | 50.3% | 49.3% | 54.3% |
|
| ||||
| Child ethnicity (% Hispanic) | 12.2% | 16.4% | 17.7% | 17.4% |
|
| ||||
| Child race (%) | ||||
| - White | 80.1% | 85.3% | 82.0% | 84.1% |
| - Black or African American | 5.0% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.8% |
| - Asian or Pacific Islander | 5.6% | 6.3% | 2.0% | 1.8% |
| - Other or multiple races | 9.3% | 6.9% | 14.7% | 12.2% |
|
| ||||
| Parent sex (% female) | 85.7% | 83.8% | 84.0% | 92.0% |
|
| ||||
| Baseline parent age (years) | 41.5 (5.8) | 41.4 (5.6) | 41.1 (5.8) | 42.8 (5.6) |
|
| ||||
| Baseline highest parent education in household | ||||
| - Up to some college | 24.8% | 27.3% | 23.0% | 18.8% |
| - Completed college | 39.2% | 40.3% | 37.8% | 41.3% |
| - More than college degree | 35.9% | 32.4% | 39.1% | 40.0% |
|
| ||||
| T1 parent BMI | 27.3 (6.3) | 27.1 (5.2) | 26.5 (5.8) | 26.5 (5.8) |
|
| ||||
| Baseline # of children <18 years old in household | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.3 (0.8) |
|
| ||||
| Baseline household income | ||||
| - <50K | 8.6% | 12.5% | 16.2% | 14.0% |
| - 50–100K | 36.2% | 34.6% | 41.2% | 38.9% |
| - >100K | 55.3% | 52.9% | 42.6% | 47.1% |
|
| ||||
| Child Anthropometrics and Behaviors | ||||
|
| ||||
| T1 child BMI z-score | 0.51 (0.99) | 0.45 (1.05) | 0.36 (0.94) | 0.32 (0.85) |
|
| ||||
| T2 child BMI z-score | 0.46 (1.04) | 0.46 (1.03) | 0.39 (0.99) | 0.23 (0.92) |
|
| ||||
| T1 child diet quality (DASH score) | 41 (8) | 42 (7) | 42 (7) | 42 (7) |
|
| ||||
| T2 child diet quality (DASH score) | 41 (7) | 41 (8) | 41 (8) | 41 (7) |
|
| ||||
| T1 child energy intake (kcals/day) | 1768 (348) | 1685 (388) | 1717 (414) | 1793 (455) |
|
| ||||
| T2 child energy intake (kcals/day) | 2028 (483) | 1878 (469) | 1878 (460) | 1902 (422) |
|
| ||||
| T1 child 3+ METs moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (minutes/day) | 146 (49) | 144 (51) | 150 (55) | 143 (57) |
|
| ||||
| T2 child 3+ METs moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (minutes/day) | 119 (65) | 121 (73) | 106 (43) | 103 (43) |
|
| ||||
| T1 child daily sedentary time (minutes/day) | 393 (72) | 396 (66) | 399 (68) | 399 (79) |
|
| ||||
| T2 child daily sedentary time (minutes/day) | 498 (157) | 479 (145) | 441 (76) | 445 (87) |
Note. Values are mean (standard deviation) or percentages as indicated; PAE = physical activity environment; NE = nutrition environment; non-percentage values are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise noted;
*
some sample sizes are lower than this because of missing sociodemographic data (e.g., parental refusal to report on household income)