Table 2.
Linear regression model results for child Time 2 BMI z-score and related behaviors, adjusting for multi-level sociodemographics and corresponding T1 BMI z-score and related behaviors
| BMI z-score (n=586) | Energy Intake (kcal/day) (n=573) | 3+ MET MVPA (mins/day) (n=558) | Sedentary activity (mins/day) (n=558) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Estimate | (95% CI) | Estimate | (95% CI) | Estimate | (95% CI) | Estimate | (95% CI) | |
|
| ||||||||
| Neighborhood typea | ||||||||
| - Low PAE / Low NE | 0.06 | (−0.04, 0.16) | 116.4* | (15.6, 217.2) | 7.3 | (−2.8, 17.4) | 50.2* | (22.2,78.2) |
| - Low PAE / High NE | 0.11* | (0.01, 0.21) | −8.2 | (−111.1, 94.7) | 12.3* | (2.2, 22.5) | 38.3* | (10.7, 66.5) |
| - High PAE / Low NE | 0.12* | (0.03, 0.21) | −15.9 | (−113.0, 81.1) | −4.7 | (−14.3, 5.0) | −9.9 | (−36.8, 17.0) |
|
| ||||||||
| Child age | −0.03* | (−0.05, −0.005) | 23.2 | (−0.9, 47.2) | −8.9* | (−12.1, −5.7) | 5.0 | (−2.5, 12.4) |
|
| ||||||||
| Child sex (girls)b | −0.02 | (−0.08, 0.05) | −236.3* | (−307.7, −165.0) | −13.7* | (−21.0, −6.5) | −6.3 | (−25.5, 12.9) |
|
| ||||||||
| Child race (non-White)c | 0.04 | (−0.05,0.13) | −43.3 | (−134.6, 48.0) | 0.5 | (−8.4, 9.3) | −1.7 | (−26.3, 23.0) |
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| ||||||||
| Child ethnicity (Hispanic)d | 0.09 | (−0.01, 0.20) | −28.3 | (−136.1, 79.4) | 7.3 | (−3.1, 17.8) | 14.0 | (−15.2, 43.2) |
|
| ||||||||
| Parent age | 0.001 | (−0.006, 0.008) | 3.7 | (−3.5, 10.9) | −0.2 | (−0.9, 0.5) | 0.09 | (−1.9, 2.1) |
|
| ||||||||
| Parent education | −0.004 | (−0.04, 0.04) | 14.6 | (−26.5, 55.8) | −2.3 | (−6.3, 1.8) | 4.6 | (−6.7, 15.9) |
|
| ||||||||
| Parent BMI at T1 | 0.00003 | (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.1 | (−0.5, 0.7) | −0.02 | (−0.10, 0.06) | −0.02 | (−0.24, 0.19) |
|
| ||||||||
| Number of children in household | −0.009 | (−0.05, 0.03) | 2.9 | (−37.9, 43.8) | 2.1 | (−1.9, 6.2) | 3.6 | (−7.7, 14.8) |
|
| ||||||||
| Annual household income | 0.007 | (−0.008, 0.023) | 4.5 | (−11.9, 21.0) | 2.3* | (0.7, 3.9) | 1.6 | (−2.9, 6.1) |
|
| ||||||||
| Number of neighborhood residents reporting being White race | −0.0004 | (−0.0001, 0.0001) | 0.32 | (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.002 | (−.002, 0.007) | 0.01 | (−0.004, 0.023) |
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| ||||||||
| Average family size in neighborhood | −.08 | (−0.195, 0.035) | 18.1 | (−100.3, 136.4) | 5.7 | (−6.0, 17.4) | 22.5 | (−10.1, 55.1) |
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| ||||||||
| Median age of neighborhood residents | −0.005 | (−0.012, 0.003) | −1.2 | (−8.8, 6.4) | 0.2 | (−0.5, 1.0) | −0.2 | (−2.3, 1.9) |
|
| ||||||||
| Median household income | −1.15e−6 | (−3.06e-6, 7.65e-7) | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.0002* | (0.00001, 0.00004) | −0.0001 | (−0.001, 0.0004) |
|
| ||||||||
| Corresponding Time 1 value | 0.94* | (0.91, 0.98) | 0.3* | (0.2, 0.4) | −0.5* | (−0.6, −.04) | 0.6* | (0.4, 0.7) |
|
| ||||||||
| Sample size | 586 | 573 | 558 | 558 | ||||
Note. Estimates are unstandardized beta coefficients; models also included site (Seattle versus San Diego area) and amount of time between measurement visits; sample sizes vary based on differences in data availability by outcome; PAE = Physical activity environment; NE = Nutrition environment;
a
Referent group = High PE / High NE neighborhoods;
b
Referent group = boys;
c
Referent group = White;
d
Referent group = Non-Hispanic;
*
p<.05