Table 3.

Areas of application for the 24 WOE approaches screened by the literature review.

Approachesa	Safety at work	Food microbiology	Food chemistry	Nutrition	Animal feed and health	Environmental health	Crop protection products, biocides and fertilizers	Medical	Ecology-environment
AMSTAR								X
Bayesian inference						X	X
Bradford Hill	X			X		X		X
Decision tree		X		X		X			X
Epid-Tox			X			X		X
FDA			X	X
GRADE				X		X		X
Hope and Clarkson									X
Hypothesis based						X
IARC	X		X	X		X	X	X
ILSI				X
INCa				X				X
Klimisch			X			X	X
Meta-analysis				X		X		X
Modified Bradford Hill	X		X	X		X
Multi-criteria analysis	X					X			X
Navigation Guide						X
NRC			X			X
OHAT						X
SCENIHR						X
SR-Cochrane								X
SR-EFSA		X	X	X	X
WCRF/AICR				X				X
Weighted Bradford Hill						X

Note: AMSTAR, Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews; EFSA, European Food Safety Authority; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; ILSI, International Life Sciences Institute; INCa, Institut National du Cancer/French National Cancer Institute; NRC, U.S. National Research Council; OHAT, Office of Health Assessment and Translation; PF, Practical Framework; SCENIHR, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks; SR, Systematic Review; WCRF/AICR, World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research.

^aDescriptions of approaches and associated references are included in Table 2.