Table 4.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for preconception organophosphate and pyrethroid exposure ($n=496$).

Exposure ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$ creatinine)	OR (95% CI)
	All women ($n=496$)				Nulliparous women ($n=455$)
	Pregnancy	Infertility	Unadjusted	Adjustedc	Pregnancy	Infertility	Unadjusted	Adjustedc
OPs
DMP
Continuousa			1.04 (0.75, 1.44)	1.03 (0.74, 1.44)			1.02 (0.72, 1.43)	0.98 (0.69, 1.38)
Q1 ($\le 2.99$)b	96	29	Reference	Reference	89	27	Reference	Reference
Q2 (2.99–6.74)b	84	39	0.92 (0.51, 1.64)	0.94 (0.51, 1.72)	72	36	0.90 (0.50, 1.64)	0.97 (0.52, 1.81)
Q3 (6.74–16.17)b	91	32	1.41 (0.81, 2.46)	1.60 (0.90, 2.84)	84	28	1.48 (0.83, 2.64)	1.74 (0.96, 3.17)
Q4 ($>16.17$) b	94	31	1.07 (0.60, 1.89)	1.13 (0.63, 2.05)	89	30	0.99 (0.55, 1.79)	1.07 (0.58, 1.98)
p for trend			0.710	0.483			0.706	0.415
DMTP
Continuousa			0.81 (0.54, 1.23)	0.83 (0.54, 1.26)			0.77 (0.50, 1.19)	0.79 (0.51, 1.24)
Q1 ($\le 1.31$)b	89	34	Reference	Reference	77	32	Reference	Reference
Q2 (1.31–2.85)b	86	38	1.28 (0.73, 2.28)	1.30 (0.72, 2.35)	82	35	1.40 (0.76, 2.56)	1.42 (0.76, 2.66)
Q3 (2.85–5.92)b	95	29	1.29 (0.74, 2.26)	1.32 (0.74, 2.34)	91	29	1.43 (0.79, 2.60)	1.49 (0.81, 2.77)
Q4 ($>5.92$)b	95	30	0.95 (0.53, 1.70)	0.91 (0.49, 1.66)	84	25	1.07 (0.58, 1.97)	1.07 (0.57, 2.03)
p for trend			0.347	0.332			0.217	0.198
DEP
Continuousa			1.00 (0.56, 1.77)	0.94 (0.52, 1.68)			0.98 (0.53, 1.78)	0.91 (0.49, 1.68)
Q1 ($\le 5.86$)b	90	33	Reference	Reference	84	32	Reference	Reference
Q2 (5.86–10.12)b	92	33	1.01 (0.58, 1.78)	1.10 (0.61, 1.97)	85	30	1.09 (0.61, 1.95)	1.21 (0.66, 2.22)
Q3 (10.12–16.15)b	91	32	0.98 (0.56, 1.72)	1.00 (0.56, 1.77)	79	29	1.01 (0.56, 1.82)	1.04 (0.57, 1.91)
Q4 ($>16.15$) b	92	33	1.01 (0.58, 1.79)	1.02 (0.57, 1.82)	86	30	1.05 (0.58, 1.91)	1.07 (0.58, 1.98)
p for trend			0.996	0.778			0.815	0.590
DETP
Continuousa			0.74 (0.41, 1.32)	0.68 (0.37, 1.26)			0.72 (0.39, 1.32)	0.66 (0.35, 1.26)
Q1 ($\le 2.14$)b	91	33	Reference	Reference	84	32	Reference	Reference
Q2 (2.14–3.49)b	90	33	1.32 (0.73, 2.39)	1.44 (0.77, 2.66)	81	30	1.38 (0.75, 2.55)	1.52 (0.80, 2.88)
Q3 (3.49–6.28)b	91	32	1.53 (0.85, 2.77)	1.56 (0.84, 2.87)	83	29	1.37 (0.73, 2.56)	1.40 (0.73, 2.68)
Q4 ($>6.28$)b	93	33	2.07 (1.17, 3.68)*	2.17 (1.19, 3.93)*	86	30	2.11 (1.16, 3.85)*	2.30 (1.23, 4.30)*
p for trend			0.231	0.146			0.274	0.180
Total DAP
Continuousa			1.00 (0.55, 1.79)	0.91 (0.50, 1.66)			0.96 (0.52, 1.78)	0.85 (0.45, 1.61)
Q1 ($\le 113.42$)b	94	29	Reference	Reference	90	28	Reference	Reference
Q2 (113.42–200.42)b	83	40	0.82 (0.46, 1.45)	0.88 (0.49, 1.59)	71	39	0.79 (0.44, 1.42)	0.90 (0.49, 1.66)
Q3 (200.42–332.46)b	96	28	1.31 (0.76, 2.25)	1.64 (0.93, 2.91)	89	21	1.40 (0.80, 2.45)	1.89 (1.04, 3.43)*
Q4 ($>332.46$)b	92	34	0.77 (0.43, 1.38)	0.86 (0.48, 1.56)	84	33	0.60 (0.32, 1.12)	0.68 (0.36, 1.30)
p for trend			0.957	0.628			0.988	0.526
PYR
3PBA
Continuousa			0.78 (0.46, 1.32)	0.81 (0.47, 1.39)			0.81 (0.47, 1.40)	0.84 (0.48, 1.46)
Q1 ($\le 0.44$)b	92	34	Reference	Reference	86	28	Reference	Reference
Q2 (0.44–0.73)b	92	32	1.29 (0.73, 2.30)	1.22 (0.68, 2.21)	80	30	1.22 (0.66, 2.23)	1.17 (0.63, 2.19)
Q3 (0.73–1.38)b	86	37	1.27 (0.71, 2.27)	1.26 (0.69, 2.29)	76	37	1.40 (0.77, 2.56)	1.39 (0.75, 2.60)
Q4 ($>1.38$)b	95	28	1.56 (0.88, 2.76)	1.55 (0.86, 2.79)	92	26	1.94 (1.08, 3.50)*	2.03 (1.10, 3.74)*
p for trend			0.306	0.403			0.287	0.349

Note: 3PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; CI, confidence interval; DAP, dialkyl phosphate; DEP, diethylphosphate; DETP, diethylthiophosphate; DMP, dimethylphosphate; DMTP, dimethylthiophosphate; OP, organophosphate; OR, odds ratio; PYR, pyrethroid; Q1–4, quartiles 1–4.

^*$p<0.05$.

^aUrine concentrations of pesticide metabolites were adjusted for creatinine then ${\log }_{10}\text{-transformed}$.

^bThe cut point of OP and PYR metabolites was determined in a sample size of 496 in the analysis for infertility.

^cAdjusted for age, prepregnancy BMI, age at menarche, current smoking, education, annual household income, “Have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do?”, and “How often have you been able to control irritations in your life?” in logistic regression models.