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. 2018 Jul 18;42(4):1875–1884. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3782

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of piperlongumine (PL) on novel object recognition and nest building in aged female mice. (A) Experimental design for PL treatment, behaviour testing and sampling. Open field test, novel object recognition test and nest building behaviour test were performed at 39, 42 and 54 days of PL treatment. (B) Total locomotor activity for a 30-min period in young control mice and aged mice following treatment with the vehicle or PL (young control; n=7, aged vehicle; n=14, aged PL; n=14). (C) The presence and quality of nesting over a 24 h period, rated on a 5-point scale, in young control mice and aged mice following treatment with the vehicle, or PL (young control; n=7, aged vehicle; n=8, aged PL; n=9). (D and E) The discrimination index [(D) the time spent exploring and (E) the number of contacts] of the young mice, and aged mice following treatment with the vehicle or PL in the novel object recognition test (young control; n=6, aged vehicle; n=14, aged PL; n=14). (F and G) The correlation between locomotor activity in open field test and discrimination index in novel object recognition test in aged mice was absent [F, between locomotion (B) and DI (time, D), r=0.09955, P=0.6285; G, between locomotion (B) and DI (number, E), r=0.04872, P=0.8132, n=26]. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01, significant differences from an indicated group, determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey-Kramer's post-hoc test.