Table 2:
Incidence Rates and Hazard Ratios among Propensity Score-Matched Cohorts of New Users of Metformin Compared with Sulfonylureas
| Propensity Score-Matched Cohort |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persistent Exposure Required | Persistent Exposure Not Required | |||
| Sulfonylureas | Metformin | Sulfonylureas | Metformin | |
| Bladder cancer events, n | 97 | 122 | 300 | 327 |
| Person-years | 69,243 | 83140 | 195,572 | 201,182 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.8) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.77, 1.32) | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.78, 1.34) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) |
| Breast cancer events, n | 9 | 13 | 30 | 31 |
| Person-years | 69,347 | 83,293 | 196,060 | 201,842 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.2) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.47, 2.60) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.61, 1.66) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.20 (0.47, 2.66) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.61, 1.67) |
| Colorectal cancer events, n | 150 | 157 | 415 | 377 |
| Person-years | 69,202 | 83,131 | 195,527 | 201,113 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.5) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.2) | 2.1 (1.9, 2.3) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.69, 1.09) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.77, 1.01) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.71, 1.12) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.75, 0.99) |
| Esophageal cancer events, n | 35 | 42 | 115 | 103 |
| Person-years | 69,342 | 83,288 | 196,038 | 201,791 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.62, 1.52) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.63, 1.55) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.65, 1.10) |
| Gastric cancer events, n | 31 | 28 | 76 | 83 |
| Person-years | 69,342 | 83,296 | 196,075 | 201,813 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.43, 1.21) | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.78, 1.44) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.44, 1.23) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.75, 1.40) |
| Liver cancer events, n | 83 | 43 | 269 | 126 |
| Person-years | 69,319 | 83,290 | 195,935 | 201,790 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.5) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.43 (0.30, 0.63) | 1.00 | 0.45 (0.37, 0.56) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.44 (0.31, 0.65) | 1.00 | 0.46 (0.37, 0.57) |
| Lung cancer events, n | 316 | 336 | 929 | 860 |
| Person-years | 69,193 | 83,096 | 195,282 | 201,087 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 4.6 (4.1, 5.1) | 4.0 (3.6, 4.5) | 4.8 (4.5, 5.1) | 4.3 (4.0, 4.8) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.76, 1.03) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.79, 0.96) |
| Pancreatic cancer events, n | 49 | 47 | 179 | 189 |
| Person-years | 69,334 | 83,293 | 196,025 | 201,772 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.56, 1.24) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.57, 1.27) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) |
| Prostate cancer events, n | 410 | 474 | 1131 | 1190 |
| Person-years | 68,749 | 82,585 | 193,053 | 198,678 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 6.0 (5.4, 6.6) | 5.7 (5.2, 6.3) | 5.9 (5.5, 6.2) | 6.1 (5.7, 6.3) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.94, 1.10) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.11) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.10) |
| Renal cancer events, n | 67 | 66 | 196 | 197 |
| Person-years | 69,302 | 83,275 | 195,680 | 201,489 |
| Events/1000 person-years (95% CI) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) |
| Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.57, 1.13) | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.19) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) |