Table 2.

Barriers to healthcare access and 2-year all-cause mortality following hospital discharge for an acute coronary syndrome

Model	Barrier	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Only adjusted for each specific healthcare barrier	Financial barrier	0.69 (0.40,1.19)
	No usual source of care	1.39 (1.15,1.68)
	Transportation barrier	2.08 (1.57,2.74)
Adjusted for each specific barrier and other potentially confounding variables	Financial barrier	0.79 (0.60,1.06)
	No usual source of care	1.40 (1.30,1.51)
	Transportation barrier	1.46 (1.13,1.89)

Other covariates in the fully adjusted model: site, sex, race/ethnicity, GRACE risk score (incorporates data on age, cardiac biomarkers, ST segment changes, systolic blood pressure, creatinine level or history of renal dysfunction, Killip class or use of diuretics, development of cardiac arrest during the index hospitalization), education, living situation, ACS type, hospital receipt of reperfusion therapy, prior heart disease, prior peripheral vascular disease, prior diabetes, depressive symptoms, hospital discharge use of ACE/ARBs, aspirin, beta blockers, lipid lowering agents, and dual antiplatelet therapy