Table 1.

Relationship Between Distressed Community Index Score Quintile and Measures of 2012 Fee-for-Service Medicare Enrollees’ Demographics, Health Care Utilization, Health Care Quality, and Health Care Outcomes at the Hospital Referral Region (HRR) Level (N = 306 HRRs). All Measures of Use, Quality, and Outcomes Are Age, Sex, and Gender Adjusted. ACSC Means Ambulatory Care Sensitive Condition and ANOVA Means Analysis of Variance

	Distressed Community Index score quintile					ANOVA p value	Pearson’s r	Pearson’s p value
	Least	2	3	4	Most
Mean Distressed Community Index score (standard deviation)	28.4 (5.5)	40.3 (2.5)	48.8 (2.5)	58.3 (3.0)	69.7 (5.0)
Measures of 2012 fee-for-service Medicare enrollees’…
Demographics
Older than 75 (%)	6.10	6.49	6.73	6.79	6.35	0.13	0.08	0.15
Black race (%)	3.72	4.63	7.25	7.94	12.02	<0.001	0.34	<0.001
Enrolled in Medicaid (%)	8.24	8.16	8.67	9.14	12.11	<0.001	0.30	<0.001
Health care utilization patterns
Number of contact days with the healthcare system	16.0	16.3	16.7	16.4	16.1	0.58	0.002	0.97
Mean number of clinicians providing care	3.26	3.30	3.33	3.24	3.17	0.14	−0.09	0.10
Predominant provider is a primary care provider (%)	54.9	56.0	58.4	58.6	59.7	<0.001	0.33	<0.001
Health care quality
Had an annual wellness check (%)	12.03	11.59	9.84	8.98	8.23	<0.001	−0.31	<0.001
Prescribed high-risk medications (%)	15.2	16.6	18.2	19.4	22.2	<0.001	0.62	<0.001
Diabetics with all recommended tests completed (%)	55.6	54.9	53.4	51.5	49.5	<0.001	−0.36	<0.001
Health care outcomes
Patients admitted with an ACSC (%)	3.54	3.96	4.20	4.60	4.96	<0.001	0.54	<0.001
30-day readmission rate (%)	14.7	14.9	15.2	15.3	15.6	<0.001	0.27	<0.001
Mortality rate (%)	4.09	4.38	4.55	4.75	5.03	<0.001	0.68	<0.001