Table 1.
Effect of ADHD drugs in children and adults at timepoints closest to 12 weeks in terms of efficacy, as rated by clinicians and teachers
|
Atomoxetine |
Bupropion |
Clonidine |
Guanfacine |
Methylphenidate |
Modafinil |
Placebo |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | Adults | Children | Adults | Children | Adults | Children | Adults | Children | Adults | Children | Adults | Children | Adults | |
| Amphetamines | ||||||||||||||
| Clinicians | −0·46 (−0·65 to −0·27)* | −0·34 (−0·58 to −0·10)* | −0·06 (−0·81 to 0·68)† | −0·33 (−0·77 to 0·11)* | −0·31 (−0·81 to 0·18)* | .. | −0·35 (−0·59 to −0·10)* | .. | −0·24 (−0·44 to −0·05)* | −0·29 (−0·54 to −0·05)* | −0·39 (−0·67 to −0·12)* | −0·94 (−1·43 to −0·46)‡ | −1·02 (−1·19 to −0·85)‡ | −0·79 (−0·99 to −0·58)‡ |
| Teachers | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Atomoxetine | ||||||||||||||
| Clinicians | .. | .. | 0·40 (−0·34 to 1·14)* | 0·01 (−0·41 to 0·42)* | 0·15 (−0·33 to 0·63)* | .. | 0·11 (−0·09 to 0·32)* | .. | 0·22 (0·05 to 0·39)* | 0·04 (−0·14 to 0·23)‡ | 0·07 (−0·17 to 0·31)* | −0·61 (−1·06 to −0·15)* | −0·56 (−0·66 to −0·45)* | −0·45 (−0·58 to −0·32)* |
| Teachers | .. | .. | 0·00 (−0·90 to 0·90)† | .. | .. | .. | 0·31 (−0·79 to 1·42)† | .. | 0·50 (−0·11 to 1·10)* | .. | 0·44 (− 0·19 to 1·07)* | .. | −0·32 (−0·82 to 0·18)† | .. |
| Bupropion | ||||||||||||||
| Clinicians | .. | .. | .. | .. | −0·25 (−1·12 to 0·62)† | .. | −0·28 (−1·04 to 0·47)† | .. | −0·18 (−0·90 to 0·54)† | 0·04 (−0·38 to 0·45)* | −0·33 (−1·10 to 0·43)† | −0·62 (−1·20 to −0·03)* | −0·96 (−1·69 to −0·22)‡ | −0·46 (−0·85 to −0·07)* |
| Teachers | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·31 (−0·92 to 1·55)† | .. | 0·50 (−0·17 to 1·17)* | .. | 0·44 (−0·38 to 1·26)* | .. | −0·32 (−1·07 to 0·43)† | .. |
| Clonidine | ||||||||||||||
| Clinicians | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | −0·03 (−0·53 to 0·46)† | .. | 0·07 (−0·42 to 0·56)† | .. | −0·08 (−0·59 to 0·43)† | .. | −0·71 (−1·17 to −0·24)‡ | .. |
| Guanfacine | ||||||||||||||
| Clinicians | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·11 (−0·13 to 0·34)* | .. | −0·05 (−0·32 to 0·23)* | .. | −0·67 (−0·85 to −0·50)‡ | .. |
| Teachers | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·18 (−0·86 to 1·22)† | .. | 0·12 (−0·93 to 1·18)† | .. | −0·63 (−1·62 to 0·35)† | .. |
| Methylphenidate | ||||||||||||||
| Clinicians | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | −0·15 (−0·41 to 0·10)* | −0·65 (−1·11 to −0·19)* | −0·78 (−0·93 to −0·62)‡ | −0·49 (−0·64 to −0·35)‡ |
| Teachers | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | −0·06 (−0·53 to 0·42)† | .. | −0·82 (−1·16 to −0·48)* | .. |
| Modafinil | ||||||||||||||
| Clinicians | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | −0·62 (−0·84 to −0·41)* | 0·16 (−0·28 to 0·59)* |
| Teachers | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | −0·76 (−1·15 to −0·37)† | .. |
Data are standardised mean difference (95% CI) between treatments. Results in bold are significant. Negative values favour the treatment in the row and positive values favour the treatment in the column. Drugs are reported in alphabetical order. Results are based on network estimates. No data for clonidine and guanfacine in adults are reported because no studies identified by our search tested these two drugs in adults. No teacher ratings were available for clonidine. ADHD=attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
*
Low quality of evidence.
†
Very low quality of evidence.
‡
Moderate quality of evidence.