Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Aug 24;9:3421. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05699-z

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — SV fusion is impaired in Vti1a/b-deficient neurons. a Examples of SypHy-labeled synapses from single DIV-14 neurons before, during HFS (100AP, 40 Hz) and NH₄⁺ superfusion. Arrowheads point at examples of silent synapses. Intensity color-code used for SypHy. Scale bar = 2 µm. b Increased percentage of silent synapses in DKO neurons (DHZ: 56.65 ± 4.45, n = 17; DKO: 27.28 ± 5.77, n = 21; DKO + Vti1a: 31.21 ± 5.14, n = 20; DKO + Vti1b: 26.03 ± 4.95%, n = 19; ANOVA). c Average SypHy traces of SV fusion in responsive synapses upon HFS (gray rectangle) normalized to the maximum intensity upon NH₄⁺ superfusion (right traces). Shaded regions indicate SEM. d Reduced fraction of SV fusion in responsive synapses, measured as maximum HFS intensity over NH₄⁺ response, in DKO neurons (DHZ: 0.25 ± 0.03, n = 17; DKO: 0.12 ± 0.01, n = 21; DKO + Vti1a: 0.24 ± 0.03, n = 20; DKO + Vti1b: 0.24 ± 0.03, n = 19; ANOVA). e Similar half decay time of the maximum HFS response between groups (DHZ: 21.45 ± 0.44, n = 17; DKO: 18.06 ± 2.25, n = 21; DKO + Vti1a: 21.24 ± 1.20, n = 20; DKO + Vti1b: 22.13 ± 2.23 s, n = 19; Kruskal–Wallis). f Representative traces of evoked (top) and spontaneous mini (bottom) excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC). g Reduced evoked EPSC charge transfer in DKO neurons (DHZ: 145.03 ± 42.66, n = 15; DKO: 18.36 ± 5.19 pC, n = 18; Mann–Whitney). h Reduced spontaneous mini EPSC (mEPSC) charge transfer in DKO neurons (DHZ: 0.19 ± 0.01, n = 17; DKO: 0.14 ± 0.01 pC, n = 15; t-test). i Reduced spontaneous mEPSC frequency in DKO neurons (DHZ: 15.45 ± 3.84, n = 18; DKO: 5.55 ± 1.79 Hz, n = 15; Mann–Whitney). j The readily releasable pool (RRP), calculated as total sucrose-induced (500 mM) charge transfer, is reduced in DKO (DHZ: 3.23 ± 1.28, n = 11; DKO: 0.49 ± 0.12 nC, n = 10; Mann–Whitney). Inset shows representative examples. k SV release probability, calculated as charge transfer during the first evoked over RRP, is reduced in DKO neurons (DHZ: 6.9 ± 0.9, n = 11; DKO: 3.9 ± 0. 7%, n = 10; t-test). Bars show mean ± SEM. Scatterplots and columns represent individual neurons and litters, respectively. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001