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. 2018 Aug 24;9:3421. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05699-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — Defective retrograde transport in Vti1a/b-deficient neurons. a Representative examples and zooms of DIV-14 single neurons incubated with CTB-A488 and immunostained for MAP2, GM130, and TGN46. Red lines represent GM130/TGN46-positive areas. Scale bar = 5 µm. b CTB-A488 intensity at GM130/TGN46-positive areas (DHZ: 39.01 ± 2.88 n = 29; DKO: 24.73 ± 3.39, n = 29; DKO + Vti1a: 56.11 ± 3.90, n = 22; DKO + Vti1b: 38.901 ± 4.03 AU, n = 24; Kruskal–Wallis). c CTB-A488 intensity, excluding GM130/TGN46-positive areas (DHZ: 100.80 ± 5.01, n = 29; DKO: 80.05 ± 5.59, n = 29; DKO + Vti1a: 135.47 ± 8.32, n = 22; DKO + Vti1b: 122.03 ± 8.19 AU, n = 24; Kruskal–Wallis). d CTB-A488 transport to the Golgi, measured as intensity in the Golgi over rest of the neuron, is reduced in DKO neurons and only rescued by Vti1a (DHZ: 3.90 ± 0.23, n = 29; DKO: 2.85 ± 0.19, n = 29; DKO + Vti1a: 4.17 ± 0.21, n = 22; DKO + Vti1b: 3.28 ± 0.28, n = 24; Kruskal–Wallis). e Original working model. Impaired retrograde transport of membrane and sorting molecules to the Golgi in DKO neurons results in a decreased Golgi size, aberrant Golgi ultrastructure and reduced cargo export which, ultimately, compromises regulated secretion. Bars show mean ± SEM. Scatterplots and columns represent individual neurons and litters, respectively. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001