Table 2.

Selected conditions associated with a positive ischemia modified albumin (IMA) test and increased free fatty acids (FFAs) with the corresponding IMA and FFA levels.

Condition			IMA levels	Controls	References (IMA levels)	Plasma /serum FFA levels	Controls	References (FFA levels)
ACS	ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction		92.1 (±10.6) Abs units/mL	77.9 (±6.69) Abs units/mL	[86]	840 (±320) µM	750 (±280) µM	[98]
	Non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction		87.3 (±5.95) Abs units/mL
	Unstable angina		88.9 (±6.16) Abs units/mL
	Acute myocardial infarction		119 (±37.3) Abs units/mL	88.6 (±19.3) Abs units/mL	[20]	1030 (±450) µM	770 (±340) µM	[20]
Acute ischemic stroke			1.180 (±0.223) Abs units	0.820 (±0.129) Abs units	[144]	530 (350–710) µM	240 (120–380) µM	[145]
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome			0.58 (±0.11) Abs units	0.43 (±0.09) Abs units	[128]	Proposed higher levels, increase with period of oxygen desaturation	no data	[146], [147]
Diabetes		Diabetes only	0.478 (±0.095) Abs units	0.395 (±0.054) Abs units	[114]	>750 µM	<550 µM	[148]
		Diabetic foot	0.721 (±0.123) Abs units
Rheumatoid arthritis			0.495 (±0.01) Abs units	0.433 (±0.02) Abs units	[117]	(0.59 (0.47–0.65) mM	0.40 (0.35–0.50) mM	[149]
Ankylosing spondylitis			0.44 (±0.17) Abs units	0.32 (±0.13) Abs units	[118]	883.89 (±55.32) µg/mL	760.84 (±31.40) µg/mL	[150]
Psoriasis			0.85 (±0.15) Abs units	0.79 (±0.09) Abs units	[126]	No global increase but increases in C16:1n-7, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:0	no data	[151]
Chronic liver disease			0.532 (±0.168) Abs units	0.320 (±0.126) Abs units	[152]	620 (120–3400) µM	450 (110 – 900) µM	[87]
Chronic renal disease			0.357 (±0.083) Abs units	no data	[88]	492.63 (±143.59) µM	302.65 (±142.18) µM	[111]
Subclinical hypothyroidism			no data	0.41 (±0.06) Abs units	[115]	∼675 (±) µM	∼325 (±) µM	[153]
Sepsis			0.967 (±0.734) Abs units	0.007 (±0.009) Abs units	[119]	4 fold increase	no data	[154]
Malaria			0.56 (±0.13) Abs units	0.24 (±0.04) Abs units	[89]	2.17 fold increase	no data	[120]
Trauma			0.63 (±0.18) Abs units	0.39 (±0.05) Abs units	[97]	2010 (±190) µM	no data	[124]
Ovarian torsion			0.704 (±0.059) Abs units	0.667 (±0.052) Abs units	[129]	no data	no data	no data
Polycystic ovarian syndrome			0.52 (0.21–1.12) Abs units	0.35 (0.06–0.90) Abs units	[127]	Total levels unknown but increase in C16:0 and C18:1n9cis	no data	[155]
Mothers bearing small-for-gestational-age foetuses			IMA/albumin: 1.28 (±0.17) g/dLin 1st semester	IMA/albumin: 1.16 (±0.21) g/dL in 1st semester	[116]	no data	no data	no data
Intrauterine growth restriction			78.7 (±6.9) Abs units/mL	74.4 (±7.8) Abs units/mL	[156]	355 µM (in amniotic fluid)	125 µM (in amniotic fluid)	[157]
Preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome			0.91 (±0.15) Abs units	0.63 (±0.12) Abs units	[130]	no data	no data	no data
Exercise			0.324 (±0.039) Abs units	0.281 (±0.052) Abs units	[96]	>2000 µM	< 600 µM	[158]