Table 5.

Types of MBDs in children from AED-exposed mothers

Type of MBD	Affected babies (n)	AEDs	Supposed diagnosis
Ventricular septal defect	3	GBP; GBP; PGB	Epi; Epi; Psy
Atrial septal defect, tricuspid insufficiency	1	LTG	Epi
Bilateral postaxial polydactyly	1	CBZ	Epi
Ectopic kidney	1	CNZ	Psy
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia	1	CBZ	Epi
Multiple congenital anomalies+hypospadias	1	PB+ETS	Epi

AED, antiepileptic drug; CBZ, carbamazepine; CNZ, clonazepam; Epi, epilepsy; ETS, ethosuximide; GBP, gabapentin; LTG, lamotrigine; MBD, major birth defects; PB, phenobarbital; PGB, pregabalin; Psy, psychiatric disorder.